1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物及饲粮
1.3 体外模拟瘤胃发酵试验
表1 各组发酵底物原料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of fermentation substrate in each group (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 全株油菜青贮比例Proportions of whole rape silage/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照Control) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | |
| 全株油菜青贮Whole rape silage | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | |||||
| 干物质DM | 94.54 | 94.58 | 94.62 | 94.65 | 94.69 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 7.51 | 9.29 | 11.06 | 12.84 | 14.62 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 53.93 | 53.97 | 54.01 | 54.06 | 54.10 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 26.18 | 29.35 | 32.52 | 35.70 | 38.87 |
| 半纤维素Hemicellulose | 27.75 | 24.62 | 21.49 | 18.36 | 15.23 |
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 16.82 | 17.33 | 17.83 | 18.34 | 18.84 |
| 淀粉Starch | 27.65 | 24.16 | 20.66 | 17.17 | 13.68 |
干物质含量为风干基础。 | |
DM content was air-dry basis. |
1.4 样品采集与测定
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮后的常规营养成分含量
2.2 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵产气参数的影响
2.3 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵氢气和甲烷生成的影响
表2 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵产气参数的影响Table 2 Effects of different proportions of whole rape silage replacing whole corn silage on gas production parameters of simulated rumen fermentation in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 全株油菜青贮比例Proportions of whole rape silage/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 有机物降解率 Organic matter degradation rate/(g/kg) | 681.94a | 669.74ab | 650.83b | 571.89c | 571.13c | 0.411 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.31 |
| 产气量Gas production/(mL/g) | |||||||||
| 每克底物的产气量 Gas production per gram of substrate | 271.24a | 248.63b | 225.45c | 196.59d | 158.73e | 2.560 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.12 |
| 降解每克底物的产气量 Gas production per gram of degraded substrate | 397.88a | 372.48ab | 347.88b | 345.57b | 278.34c | 5.512 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.21 |
| 潜在最大产气量 Potential maximum gas production | 300.47a | 297.77a | 294.14a | 278.22a | 241.81b | 3.391 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
| 产气速率 Gas production rate/ (×10-2/h) | 5.97a | 5.54b | 5.09c | 4.75d | 4.59d | 0.200 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.06 |
| 起始底物降解速率 Initial substrate degradation rate/(×10-2/h) | 1.96a | 2.01a | 1.93a | 2.05a | 1.61b | 0.300 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
表3 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵氢气和甲烷生成的影响Table 3 Effects of different proportions of whole rape silage replacing whole corn silage on hydrogen and methane production of simulated rumen fermentation in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 全株油菜青贮比例Proportions of whole rape silage/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 氢气Hydrogen/(mL/g) | |||||||||
| 每克底物的产气量 Gas production per gram of substrate | 0.10b | 0.11b | 0.12ab | 0.14a | 0.13a | 0.003 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.76 |
| 潜在最大产气量 Potential maximum gas production | 0.10c | 0.11c | 0.14b | 0.18a | 0.19a | 0.004 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.96 |
| 降解每克底物的产气量 Gas production per gram of degraded substrate | 0.15c | 0.16bc | 0.19b | 0.24a | 0.25a | 0.005 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.50 |
| 产气速率 Gas production rate/(/h) | 0.15c | 0.36b | 0.58a | 0.68a | 0.69a | 0.029 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.06 |
| 消耗速率 Consumption rate/(/h) | 2.93 | 1.74 | 1.93 | 0.87 | 0.50 | 0.287 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.88 |
| 甲烷Methane/(mL/g) | |||||||||
| 每克底物的产气量 Gas production per gram of substrate | 26.81a | 25.64ab | 24.64b | 21.94c | 15.85d | 0.304 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 潜在最大产气量 Potential maximum gas production | 32.80a | 31.19b | 31.07b | 27.93c | 24.86d | 0.141 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 降解每克底物的产气量 Gas production per gram of degraded substrate | 39.18a | 38.30a | 38.83a | 38.85a | 29.24b | 0.511 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 产气速率 Gas production rate/ (×10-2/h) | 7.12a | 6.63ab | 5.85bc | 5.61bc | 5.48c | 0.200 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.41 |
2.4 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响
表4 不同比例全株油菜青贮替代全株玉米青贮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响Table 4 Effects of different proportions of whole rape silage replacing whole corn silage on production of volatile fatty acids of simulated rumen fermentation in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 全株油菜青贮比例Proportions of whole rape silage/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| pH | 6.25d | 6.41c | 6.53bc | 6.65ab | 6.72a | 0.023 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.38 |
| 氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen/ (mmol/L) | 9.21b | 14.72a | 13.82a | 15.19a | 16.86a | 0.481 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.20 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total VFA/ (mmol/L) | 99.85a | 98.33a | 93.94a | 98.32a | 79.80b | 1.504 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.06 |
| 各挥发性脂肪酸摩尔比例Molar proportions of individual VFA/% | |||||||||
| 乙酸Acetate | 60.64e | 62.87d | 65.03c | 67.68b | 70.49a | 0.277 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.49 |
| 丙酸Propionate | 29.91a | 27.11b | 24.25c | 20.92d | 17.28e | 0.219 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.26 |
| 丁酸Butyrate | 6.95 | 7.10 | 7.22 | 7.28 | 6.90 | 0.161 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.38 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyrate | 0.68e | 0.77d | 0.90c | 1.06b | 1.30a | 0.014 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 戊酸Valerate | 0.82e | 0.98d | 1.18c | 1.44b | 1.86a | 0.019 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 异戊酸Isovalerate | 1.00e | 1.16d | 1.36c | 1.67b | 2.17a | 0.026 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/propionate | 2.03e | 2.32d | 2.69c | 3.24b | 4.09a | 0.036 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |

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