动物营养学报 >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 12: 8021 - 8032

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.652

综述

中草药非药用部位的活性成分、生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

  • 闫志强 ,
  • 余远迪 ,
  • 翟少钦 ,
  • 陈春林 , *
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  • 重庆市畜牧科学院, 国家生猪技术创新中心, 重庆 402460
* 陈春林,副研究员,E-mail:

闫志强(1989—),男,河南洛阳人,副研究员,硕士,从事兽用中药和天然植物研究。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2025-05-16

  网络出版日期: 2025-12-13

基金资助

国家生猪技术创新中心先导项目(NCTIP-XD/B19)

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Active Ingredients and Biological Functions of Non Medicinal Parts of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Their Application in Livestock and Poultry Production

  • YAN Zhiqiang ,
  • YU Yuandi ,
  • ZHAI Shaoqin ,
  • CHEN Chunlin , *
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  • National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
* associate professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2025-05-16

  Online published: 2025-12-13

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摘要

中草药非药用部位具有来源广泛、资源储量大、生产成本低的特点。因其富含多糖、黄酮、挥发油等多种活性成分,具有明显的抗炎、抗氧化、抗病原微生物等生物学功能而备受关注。本文从中草药非药用部位的活性成分、生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述,为其高值化应用提供参考。

关键词： 中草药; 非药用部位; 活性成分; 生物学功能; 畜禽生产

本文引用格式

闫志强 , 余远迪 , 翟少钦 , 陈春林 . 中草药非药用部位的活性成分、生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J]. 动物营养学报, 2025 , 37(12) : 8021 -8032 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.652

Abstract

Non medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicine have the characteristics of wide sources, large resource reserves and low production costs. Due to its rich content of polysaccharides, flavonoids, volatile oils and other active substances, as well as its obvious anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti pathogenic microbial functions, it has attracted much attention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the active ingredients, biological functions and application in livestock and poultry production of non medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicine, providing theoretical support for their high-value applications.

Key words： Chinese herbal medicine; non medicinal parts; active ingredient; biological function; livestock and poultry production

中草药非药用部位指在特定药材标准(如《中华人民共和国药典》)或传统用药规范(如《本草纲目》)中,未被列入药用范围的植物器官或组织部分[1-3]。我国每年产生的中草药非药用部位高达7 500万t[1],其处理方式多以掩埋、焚烧为主,造成较大的资源浪费和环境污染[4-5]。目前,《饲料原料目录》已将当归、川芎、苍术等117种天然植物纳入饲料原料范畴[6]。然而,这些天然植物多为人用中草药,随着养殖业对中草药资源的需求呈爆发式增长,未来可能会面临资源紧张的局面。研究表明,中草药非药用部位具有显著的抗炎、抗感染及抗氧化等生物学功能[7-8],可提高畜禽的抗应激能力、抗病力、畜禽产品品质等[9]。因此,本文通过对中草药非药用部位的活性成分、生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展进行分析综述,为其在畜禽养殖中的高效利用及高值化应用提供科学依据。

1 中草药非药用部位的活性成分

黄酮类化合物是以C6-C3-C6为母核结构的一系列化合物,广泛存在于植物的根、茎、叶、花中,是中草药非药用部位中最重要的活性成分之一[10-12],其母核结构上取代基的种类、数量及位置是发挥生物学活性的关键,如取代基为硫醇基使得其具有较强的抗氧化和抗炎活性[13],主要包括芦丁、槲皮苷、山奈酚等代表性黄酮类单体和黄芪、厚朴、黄精茎叶等代表性植物中的总黄酮。兰雪梅[14]研究发现,厚朴叶中黄酮类成分主要为芦丁、异槲皮苷及槲皮苷等;Cui等[15]采用超声波辅助法提取黄芪茎叶中黄酮,其提取率达(22.027 0±2.573 9) mg/g,并证实其主要成分是异槲皮苷和黄芪甲苷。
中草药非药用部位中挥发油是一种具有挥发性、芳香性的油状液体,不仅具有抗菌、抗氧化、免疫增强等生物学活性,其芳香性还可改善饲料的适口性[2,16],根据化学结构分类,挥发油主要有萜类和苯丙类,其碳氢骨架和缺乏强亲水基团使其具有明显的疏水性和脂溶性,能轻易穿透并破坏病原微生物细胞膜,而特定的官能团如羟基、羧基、醚键等使其具有一定的抗炎和抗氧化作用[17]。畜禽生产中常用的挥发油的主要有香芹酚、百里香酚、芹菜酚等。张博雯等[18]采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析川芎地上部位的挥发油发现,其含量为1.74 mL/100 g,其中藁本内酯含量占47.88%。川佛手果中挥发油以单萜烯类为主,叶中挥发油则以单萜烯类和醛类为主[19]。
植物多糖是一类由多个单糖分子通过α、β糖苷键连接而成的化合物,是中草药非药用部位发挥功能的活性成分之一[20],其生物学功能多与其单糖的种类、糖苷键的连接方式及空间结构有关[21],如β-1,3和β-1,6键型主要与免疫调节相关[22],支链、羟基、羧基数量较多的多糖,抗氧化能力更为突出[23]。黄芪多糖、枸杞多糖及甘草多糖等是畜禽生产中应用较多的天然植物多糖。张涛等[24]通过碱提醇沉法提取枸杞叶多糖发现,其总糖含量约为65.78%,其中阿拉伯糖含量最高。
此外,中草药非药用部位中皂苷类、生物碱类和脂肪酸类化合物亦是其活性成分。颜红娇等[25]研究发现,以根入药的三七,通过蒸制能提高三七茎叶中稀有皂苷和总皂苷含量,而高温则会降低其总皂苷含量。

2 中草药非药用部位的生物学功能

中草药非药用部位富含黄酮类化合物、挥发油及植物多糖等活性成分。黄酮类化合物含有羟基、甲氧基和硫醇基等官能团,是发挥抗炎、抗氧化及抗菌的主要结构,其取代位置与数量直接影响其生物学功能[26];挥发油因其疏水性和亲脂性,易插入病原微生物细胞膜的脂质双分子层,破坏膜结构,同时可干扰病原微生物DNA的复制,进而发挥抗病原微生物的作用(图1)[27];多糖则可通过肌醇激酶和蛋白激酶受体样内质网激酶相关信号通路、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和激活转录因子6相关信号通路、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLR)相关信号通路,缓解动物机体炎症和调节免疫功能[28-29]。因此,抗炎、抗病原微生物及抗氧化是中草药非药用部位的主要生物学功能(表1)。
图1 中草药非药用部位活性成分挥发油的抗菌作用机制

Bacteria:细菌;Fungus:真菌;Cell wall:细胞壁;Cell membrane:细胞膜;Cytoplasm:细胞质;Plasmid:质粒;Ribosome:核糖体;Out membrane protein:外膜蛋白;Nucleus:细胞核;Mitochondria:线粒体;Conidia:分生孢子;Vesicles:囊泡;Metulae:初生小梗;Stipes:茎节;Foot cells:足细胞;Endoplasmic reticulum:内质网;Plant essential oils:植物精油;Promotion:促进;Inhibition:抑制。

Fig.1 Mechanism of antibacterial of volatile oils of active ingredients of non medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicine[27]

表1 中草药非药用部位的活性成分及生物学活性

Table 1 Active ingredients and biological activities of non medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicine

项目
Items		 药用部位
Medicinal
parts		 非药用部位
Non medicinal
parts		 非药用部位活性成分
Active ingredients of
non medicinal
parts		 非药用部位生物学活性
Biological activities of
non medicinal
parts		 参考文献
References
黄芪
Astragalus
membranaceus		 根 叶 黄酮类、酚类 抗菌(抑制沙门氏菌、大肠
杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌生长)		 [30]
菊花
Chrysanthemum		 花 茎叶 挥发油 抗菌(抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和
痤疮杆菌生长)		 [31]
山银花
Honeysuckle		 花 茎叶 环烯醚萜苷类、
黄酮类		 抗炎(降低LPS诱导细胞释放NO) [32]
五味子
Schisandra		 果实 茎叶 黄酮类、酚类、
苯丙素类		 抗炎(抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞
释放NO)、抗氧化(提高清除自由基能力)		 [33]
丁香
Lilac		 花蕾 茎皮 环烯醚萜类、黄酮类、
苯丙素苷类		 抗炎(抑制TNF-α和IL-6表达) [34]
生姜
Ginger		 根 茎叶 多糖类 抗氧化(提高自由基清除能力) [35]
党参
Codonopsis pilosula		 根 地上部 多糖类 抗氧化(提高SOD和CAT活性,
降低MDA含量)		 [36]
甘草
Licorice		 根 叶 黄酮类 抗氧化(提高清除自由基能力) [37]
黄精
Solomon’s seal		 根 地上部分 黄酮类、多糖类 抗氧化(提高清除自由基能力) [38]
金银花
Honeysuckle		 花 茎叶 黄酮类、环烯醚萜类 抗炎(抑制TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6表达) [39]

LPS:脂多糖 lipopolysaccharide;NO:一氧化氮 nitric oxide;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α tumor necrosis factor-α;SOD:超氧化物歧化酶 superoxide dismutase;CAT:过氧化氢酶 catalase;MDA:丙二醛 malondialdehyde;IL-1:白细胞介素-1 interleukin-1。

2.1 抗炎

炎症是机体重要的防御机制,但其失控或慢性化会引发广泛的组织损伤和疾病[40]。生物性因素(病原微生物感染)、物理性因素(机械损伤、低温冻伤、高温等)、营养性因素(营养过剩或不足)均可引起机体炎症反应失衡[41-42]。研究发现,扁豆花和当归地上部分多糖可通过恢复谷氨酸、精氨酸、亚油酸的代谢平衡,降低环氧化酶-2的表达[43];或抑制炎症相关信号通路和改善微生物群稳态[44],从而有效减轻肠道炎症反应。同时,中草药非药用部位中的多糖可通过刺激辅助性T淋巴细胞1和辅助性T淋巴细胞2进而调节促炎因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)]和抗炎因子[白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)]的表达(图2)[45]。李园[46]通过博来霉素诱导C57BL/6小鼠肺纤维化体内模型研究黄芪花的生物学活性,结果表明,黄芪花可通过降低丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和TNF-α含量,改善总抗氧化力,从而发挥防治肺纤维化作用。黄芪茎叶提取物可通过下调促炎细胞因子的表达,有效抑制神经炎症反应,进而实现对神经系统的保护[47]。综上所述,中草药非药用部位的活性成分可通过调控物质代谢、促炎和抗炎细胞因子及炎症相关通路实现抗炎作用,其作用广泛,对消化系统、呼吸系统及神经系统炎症等均有作用。此外,天然植物的多成分、多靶点、多途径特点可降低在畜禽临床用药过程中耐药性与副作用的产生。
图2 中草药非药用部位活性成分多糖的抗炎作用机制

Lumen:管腔;Microbiogical barrier:微生物屏障;Chemical barrier:化学屏障;Mechanical barrier:物理屏障;Immunological barrier:免疫屏障;Epithelial cell:上皮细胞;Intestinal flora:肠道菌群;Polysaccharide:多糖;TJ:紧密链接蛋白 tight junction protein;Paneth cell:潘氏细胞;TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;NK cell:自然杀伤细胞 natural killer cells;CD:细胞分化抗原 cluster of differentiation;Th1:辅助性T淋巴细胞1 T helper cell 1;Th2:辅助性T淋巴细胞2 T helper cell 2;IL-12:白细胞介素-12 interleukin-12;IL-4:白细胞介素-4 interleukin-4;IL-5:白细胞介素-5 interleukin-5;IL-13:白细胞介素-13 interleukin-13;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α tumor necrosis factor-α;IFN-γ:γ-干扰素 interferon-γ;NF-κB:核因子-κB nuclear factor kappa B;SCFAs:短链脂肪酸 short-chain fatty acids。

Fig.2 Mechanism of anti-inflammatory of polysaccharides of active ingredients of non medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicine[45]

2.2 抗病原微生物

多项研究已经证实,中草药非药用部位的活性成分有较为明显的抗病原微生物作用。张建云等[48]研究表明,北苍术非药用部位(茎叶)中的挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌及枯草芽孢杆菌均有一定的抑制作用。当归和柑橘柠檬非药用部位(叶)中的挥发油可破坏大肠杆菌的细胞膜、抑制DNA旋转酶活性及诱导大量活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成进而抑制其生长[49-50]。地榆非药用部位(茎叶、花)中含有丰富的总多酚、没食子酸和鞣花酸,可通过破坏幽门螺杆菌细胞壁和内部结构,干扰代谢程中相关基因的表达实现抗菌作用[51]。厚朴非药用部位(叶)中的厚朴酚可降低猪流行性腹泻病毒的S、M、N蛋白基因的表达水平,同时抑制多种炎症相关细胞因子的基因表达,进而发挥抗病毒作用[52]。由此可见,中草药非药用部位的活性成分对多种病原微生物有一定的抑制作用,不仅可通过直接作用于病原微生物的细胞膜、膜蛋白、DNA旋转酶等,还可间接调节宿主的免疫反应,实现抗病原微生物作用。中草药非药用部位的抗病原微生物作用在替代抗生素、促进绿色养殖和推动循环经济方面有着较大的潜力。

2.3 抗氧化作用

氧化应激造成机体内的ROS与抗氧化防御系统失衡,导致自由基过量积累,进而引发细胞和分子损伤,是多种疾病的核心机制之一。中草药非药用部位的活性成分具有明显的抗氧化作用[38]。Zheng等[53]研究发现,芍药非药用部位(茎、种子和花)提取物具有明显的清除自由基清除活性,其富含的3种化合物(没食子酸、山奈酚和槲皮苷)是其抗氧化活性的重要成分。陈梦丝[54]通过研究素花党参非药用部位酸性多糖在过氧化氢诱导细胞氧化应激体外模型和秀丽隐杆线虫体内模型中的作用发现,素花党参地上部分粗多糖可提高细胞和线虫体内总抗氧化酶水平和增强抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)]活性。同时,中草药非药用部位中的多糖还可通过清除自由基和调节抗氧化应激相关通路发挥抗氧化作用(图3)[55]。Li等[56]通过金丝桃苷干预镉诱导的细胞和小鼠肾脏炎症模型发现,金丝桃苷可通过降低白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)含量、减少ROS产生及抑制核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体活化,从而显著减轻镉诱导的肾脏损伤,并证实抑制ROS/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)信号介导的NLRP3炎性小体是其发挥作用的重要途径之一。由此可知,中草药非药用部位的活性成分可通过清除自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性及抑制氧化应激发生的相关通路等多种途径实现抗氧化效果。
图3 中草药非药用部位活性成分多糖抗氧化作用机制

Antioxidant mechanism:抗氧化机制;Regulate oxidative stress-related signaling pathway:调节抗氧化应激相关通路;regulate antioxidant enzymes and enzymatic antioxidant system:调节氧化酶和抗氧化酶系统;Chelate metal ions:螯合金属离子;Scavenge excess ROS/RNS:清除多余的活性氧自由基/活性氮自由基 scavenge excess reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species;JNK:c-Jun氨基末端激酶 c-Jun N-terminal kinase;iNOS:诱导型一氧化氮合酶 inducible nitric oxide synthase;PI3K:磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;Keap1:Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1 Kelch like ECH associated protein 1;Nrf2:核因子E2相关因子2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2;MAPK:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶mitogen-activated protein kinase;IRS1:胰岛素受体底物1 insulin receptor substrate 1;ASK1:凋亡信号调节激酶1 apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1;Bcl-xL:B细胞淋巴瘤-xL B-cell lymphoma-xL;Bax:B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白 B-cell lymphoma-associated X protein;Caspase:半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶 cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease;Apoptosis:凋亡;ROS:活性氧 reactive oxygen species;GSH-Px:谷胱甘肽过氧化酶 glutathione peroxidase;toxic substance:有毒物质;cigtaretie:香烟;drug:药物;Generate:生成;ARE:抗氧化反应元件 antioxidant response element;ERK:细胞外信号调节激酶 extracellular signal-regulated kinase;GSK-3β:糖原合成酶激酶-3β glycogen synthase kinase-3β;HO-1:血红素氧合酶-1 heme oxygenase-1;NQO-1:醌氧化还原酶-1 quinone oxidoreductase-1;SOD:超氧化物歧化酶 superoxide dismutase;CAT:过氧化氢酶 catalase;MDA:丙二醛 malondialdehyde。

Fig.3 Mechanism of anti-inflammatory of polysaccharides of active ingredients of non medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicine[55]

3 中草药非药用部位在畜禽生产中的应用

中草药非药用部位因其活性成分具有维持肠道健康、提高抗应激能力、增强抗病能力等作用,被广泛用于畜禽生产中。

3.1 提高生长性能

中草药非药用部位在我国中草药生产加工中拥有巨大的储备量,富含较为齐全的氨基酸种类和营养物质,对畜禽生长有一定的促进作用[57]。研究发现,在育肥猪饲粮中按照20%的剂量添加三七非药用部位(茎叶)可显著提高藏香猪的日增重,降低料重比[58]。饲粮中添加川明参非药用部位(茎叶)提取物,可显著降低肉鸡的料重比,增加其日增重[59]。而饲喂黄芪茎叶提取物可显著提高肉犊牛的日增重,降低料重比[60]。综上所述,饲粮中添加中草药非药用部位可通过影响日增重、采食量、料重比等途径提高畜禽的生长性能。但在应用前应通过大量科学试验确定中草药非药用部位安全有效的添加范围,防止因盲目增加用量引发潜在的风险。

3.2 维持肠道健康

肠道是营养吸收、免疫防御和毒素排出的重要器官,其健康状态直接影响畜禽生长性能、生产效率和抗病力。饲粮中添加金银花茎叶粉可显著提高宁都黄鸡空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度比值,改善肠道形态结构[61]。芍药非药用部位(茎叶)提取物饲喂氧化应激肉鸡可上调封闭蛋白-1、闭合蛋白和闭锁小带蛋白的mRNA表达,并上调拟杆菌门和下调厚壁菌门的相对丰度,从物理屏障功能和微生物稳态2方面改善肉鸡肠道健康[62]。银杏-杜仲非药用部位(叶)发酵物可显著提高脂多糖应激肉仔鸡血清中D-木糖含量,促进肠道对营养物质的吸收[63]。总之,中草药非药用部位可通过改善畜禽肠道形态结构、调控肠道菌群稳态及维持肠道消化吸收功能等多个方面促进畜禽肠道健康。

3.3 增强抗病能力

抗病能力是保障畜禽健康生长和抵抗疾病的关键因素,对维持生产性能和产品质量具有重要意义。中草药非药用部位因其丰富的生物活性成分,可通过激活免疫相关信号通路、促进免疫细胞增殖及调控细胞因子、免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)分泌,调控机体免疫状态[2]。在乌骨鸡的基础饲粮中添加三七茎叶可提高机体免疫器官指数和免疫球蛋白含量,提高机体免疫功能[64]。张艳等[65]在肉羊饲粮中添加发酵黄芪茎叶进行饲喂发现,试验期间,发酵黄芪茎叶组试验羊发病率与对照组相比降低了6.74%。当归非药用部位(茎叶)可通过提高肉鸡血清IgA、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)含量和降低白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)含量,同时提高机体肠道中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(secretory immunoglobulin A,sIgA)、IgG和IgM含量,进而发挥免疫调节功能[66]。由此可知,中草药非药用部位可通过调控机体非特异性免疫和特异性免疫增强畜禽的免疫功能。

3.4 提高畜禽产品品质

研究发现,中草药非药用部位可提高畜禽产品的品质,如甘草茎叶可显著提高西门塔尔牛肌肉的感官品质,具体表现为提高肉色的红度值,从而有效改善肉品质[67]。王崇洲等[68]在肉兔饲粮中添加桑非药用部位(茎叶)粉进行饲喂,发现以10%~15%的添加量可显著提高肉兔肌肉的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸含量,进而改善肉品质和风味。发酵柴胡非药用部位(茎叶)则可提高蛋重、增强蛋壳强度,从而提高蛋品质[69]。由此可知,中草药非药用部位对畜禽肉和蛋品质的影响因种类、添加量及动物而异,主要通过提升肉色等感官指标、提高风味物质含量、减少破软蛋率、降低胆固醇含量等方面来提高畜禽产品品质。

3.5 提高抗应激能力

在畜禽生产过程中,高温、高湿、低氧等环境,饲粮营养物质缺乏或不均衡,饲养密度过大,运输,转群等因素均会引起机体应激,不仅造成畜禽生长性能下降、免疫力降低、肉蛋品质变差,甚至造成畜禽死亡[70]。Yu等[71]通过构建鸡氧化应激模型,并在饲粮中添加人参非药用部位(茎叶)皂苷进行饲喂发现,其可降低血清MDA含量和提高血清SOD活性,缓解氧化应激造成的损伤。Zhao等[72]在热应激肉鸡饲粮中添加杜仲非药用部位(叶)提取物紫苏叶油浸剂进行饲喂,发现其可提高热应激鸡平均日增重,增加鸡肉亚麻酸、亚油酸、多不饱和脂肪酸等含量,减轻热应激对肉鸡生长性能和肉品质不利影响。枸杞非药用部位(叶)黄酮可通过提高鸡肉中单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及丙氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸含量,改善短时运输应激鸡肉品质[73]。由此可见,中草药非药用部位可通过抗氧化、抗炎及调控应激等方面缓解畜禽应激损伤,但需要根据植物种类、活性成分及应激源差异进行针对性应用。

4 小结与展望

中草药非药用部位因富含黄酮类、挥发油、多糖等多种活性成分,具有显著的抗炎、抗氧化和抗病原微生物等功能,其可通过提高机体抗病力、抗应激能力及维持肠道健康等多个方面影响畜禽生产,但其功能发挥依赖于活性成分的含量和来源的中草药种类。当前挑战主要集中于中草药非药用部分的批次波动性、工艺优化及规模化生产成本控制等方面。基于此,未来可重点开展以下研究:1)建立基于品种-中草药非药用部分分级-工艺的活性成分标准化数据库;2)开发定向降解抗营养因子的酶解和发酵技术;3)构建预处理-加工-应用全链条成本模型,优化模块化设备,降低能耗。以期通过以上几方面的深入研究实现提升活性成分稳定性、降低加工成本,推动中草药非药用部分饲料的标准化、产业化应用,助力畜牧业绿色低碳转型。

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