1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 1~14日龄1 to 14 days of age | 15~35日龄15 to 35 days of age | 36~42日龄36 to 42 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 48.05 | 38.27 | 28.47 | 48.07 | 38.31 | 28.53 | 60.83 | 51.28 | 41.71 | 60.85 | 51.32 | 41.77 | 65.67 | 56.31 | 46.78 | 65.69 | 56.35 | 46.83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 小麦次粉 Wheat middlings | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 米糠Rice bran | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 鸭油Duck oil | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 4.00 | 5.90 | 7.03 | 4.00 | 5.90 | 7.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 花生粕Peanut meal | 4.82 | 6.40 | 8.00 | 4.82 | 6.40 | 8.00 | 2.50 | 3.01 | 3.54 | 2.50 | 3.01 | 3.54 | 6.90 | 6.46 | 6.85 | 6.90 | 6.46 | 6.85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 羽毛粉Feather meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.21 | 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.30 | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.30 | 1.26 | 1.22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 微量元素预混料 Trace element premix1) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 维生预混料 Vitamin premix2) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 抗氧化剂Antioxidants | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 麦饭石Maifan stone | 2.38 | 7.56 | 12.74 | 2.36 | 7.52 | 12.68 | 0.24 | 5.29 | 10.33 | 0.22 | 5.25 | 10.27 | 0.23 | 5.16 | 10.19 | 0.21 | 5.12 | 10.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.13 | 12.13 | 12.13 | 12.13 | 12.13 | 12.13 | 12.55 | 12.55 | 12.55 | 12.55 | 12.55 | 12.55 | 12.97 | 12.97 | 12.97 | 12.97 | 12.97 | 12.97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 干物质DM | 89.41 | 89.47 | 89.62 | 89.55 | 89.69 | 89.61 | 89.90 | 89.66 | 89.58 | 89.78 | 89.82 | 89.75 | 88.68 | 88.69 | 88.03 | 88.41 | 88.78 | 88.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 20.39 | 20.18 | 20.24 | 20.25 | 20.40 | 19.98 | 17.50 | 17.49 | 17.66 | 17.52 | 17.50 | 17.49 | 16.01 | 16.00 | 16.08 | 15.97 | 16.02 | 16.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 7.06 | 8.76 | 11.96 | 6.94 | 8.88 | 12.09 | 6.71 | 9.57 | 11.63 | 6.83 | 9.71 | 11.75 | 5.90 | 9.24 | 11.92 | 5.88 | 9.30 | 11.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 总磷TP | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The trace element premix provided the following per kg of diets: Fe (FeSO4·7H2O) 85 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·7H2O) 85 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 100 mg,Se (Na2SeO3·5H2O) 0.35 mg,I (KI) 1.6 mg。 2)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 10 000 IU,VD3 3 250 IU,VE 25 IU,VK3 2.5 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 6.25 mg,VB6 3.75 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 38 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.25 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg。 3)代谢能、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和蛋氨酸为计算值,其余营养水平为实测值。ME, Lys, Thr, Trp and Met were calculated values, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 指标测定与方法
1.3.1 饲粮营养成分测定
1.3.2 生长性能
1.3.3 屠宰性能
1.3.4 肉品质
1.3.5 肌肉脂肪酸组成和含量
1.4 统计分析
2 结 果
2.1 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary lipid source and supplemental level on growth performance of meat ducks |
| 项目 Items | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level/% | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 鸭油 Duck oil | 豆油 Soybean oil | 3 | 6 | 9 | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level | 来源×添加水平 Source× supplemental level | |||||||||||||
| 1~14日龄1 to 14 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 体重BW/g | 740.00 | 803.75 | 782.50 | 757.50 | 786.25 | 776.25 | 775.42 | 773.33 | 748.75 | 795.00 | 779.38 | 8.082 | 0.895 | 0.068 | 0.653 | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 47.50 | 52.05 | 50.54 | 48.75 | 50.80 | 50.09 | 50.03 | 49.88 | 48.13 | 51.43 | 50.31 | 0.577 | 0.896 | 0.068 | 0.652 | |||||||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 61.43bc | 65.71b | 60.00c | 60.63bc | 74.38a | 60.63bc | 62.38 | 65.21 | 61.03b | 70.05a | 60.31b | 1.147 | 0.059 | <0.001 | 0.026 | |||||||||||
| 料重比F/G | 1.29b | 1.26bc | 1.19c | 1.24bc | 1.47a | 1.21c | 1.25b | 1.31a | 1.27b | 1.37a | 1.20b | 0.020 | 0.009 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 15~35日龄15 to 35 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 体重BW/g | 2 553.21 | 2 706.79 | 2 738.04 | 2 496.25 | 2 574.11 | 2 703.75 | 2 666.01 | 2 591.37 | 2 524.73b | 2 640.45ab | 2 720.89a | 28.750 | 0.157 | 0.016 | 0.716 | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 86.34 | 90.62 | 93.12 | 82.80 | 85.14 | 91.79 | 90.03 | 86.57 | 84.57b | 87.88ab | 92.45a | 1.201 | 0.121 | 0.021 | 0.736 | |||||||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 130.76 | 140.90 | 152.48 | 129.94 | 133.54 | 145.06 | 141.38 | 136.18 | 130.35b | 137.22b | 148.77a | 2.400 | 0.215 | 0.004 | 0.752 | |||||||||||
| 料重比F/G | 1.51 | 1.55 | 1.64 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.58 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.56 | 1.61 | 0.014 | 0.789 | 0.124 | 0.217 | |||||||||||
| 36~42日龄36 to 42 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 体重BW/g | 3 002.50 | 3 134.64 | 3 190.89 | 2 885.00 | 3 013.39 | 3 161.25 | 3 109.34 | 3 019.88 | 2 943.75b | 3 074.02a | 3 176.07a | 29.320 | 0.071 | 0.002 | 0.675 | |||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 64.18 | 61.12 | 64.69 | 55.54 | 62.76 | 65.36 | 63.33 | 61.22 | 59.86 | 61.94 | 65.03 | 2.376 | 0.679 | 0.706 | 0.661 | |||||||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 190.82 | 176.43 | 195.05 | 172.14 | 173.72 | 184.29 | 187.43 | 176.72 | 181.48 | 175.08 | 189.67 | 5.137 | 0.328 | 0.546 | 0.832 | |||||||||||
| 料重比F/G | 2.98 | 3.03 | 3.03 | 3.16 | 2.78 | 2.83 | 3.01 | 2.92 | 3.07 | 2.90 | 2.93 | 0.060 | 0.459 | 0.485 | 0.292 | |||||||||||
| 1~42日龄1 to 42 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 69.70 | 72.85 | 74.19 | 66.91 | 69.96 | 73.48 | 72.25 | 70.12 | 68.31b | 71.41a | 73.84a | 0.698 | 0.071 | 0.002 | 0.675 | |||||||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 118.23 | 122.37 | 129.34 | 113.87 | 122.58 | 123.45 | 123.31 | 119.97 | 116.05b | 122.47a | 126.39a | 1.359 | 0.153 | 0.004 | 0.529 | |||||||||||
| 料重比F/G | 1.70bc | 1.68c | 1.74ab | 1.70abc | 1.75a | 1.68c | 1.71 | 1.71 | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.71 | 0.008 | 0.689 | 0.590 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭屠宰性能和肉品质的影响
表3 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary lipid source and supplemental level on slaughter performance of meat ducks % |
| 项目 Items | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level/% | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 鸭油 Duck oil | 豆油 Soybean oil | 3 | 6 | 9 | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level | 来源×添加水平 Source× supplemental level | |||||||||||||
| 屠宰率Slaughter rate | 89.05 | 88.51 | 88.00 | 87.58 | 88.53 | 87.99 | 88.52 | 88.03 | 88.32 | 88.52 | 88.00 | 0.156 | 0.104 | 0.350 | 0.071 | |||||||||||
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat rate | 1.72 | 1.89 | 1.74 | 1.28 | 1.62 | 1.77 | 1.78a | 1.56b | 1.50b | 1.75a | 1.76a | 0.047 | 0.007 | 0.018 | 0.068 | |||||||||||
| 半净膛率 Half-eviscerated yield rate | 82.73 | 83.10 | 81.72 | 81.12 | 81.13 | 82.49 | 82.52 | 81.58 | 81.92 | 82.12 | 82.10 | 0.289 | 0.102 | 0.952 | 0.109 | |||||||||||
| 全净膛率Eviscerated yield rate | 71.92 | 72.56 | 71.98 | 70.63 | 72.53 | 71.86 | 72.15 | 71.67 | 71.28 | 72.54 | 71.92 | 0.215 | 0.253 | 0.052 | 0.387 | |||||||||||
| 腿肌率Leg muscle rate | 12.39 | 12.54 | 13.18 | 14.34 | 13.59 | 13.93 | 12.70b | 13.95a | 13.36 | 13.07 | 13.55 | 0.202 | 0.002 | 0.558 | 0.385 | |||||||||||
| 胸肌率Breast muscle rate | 14.56a | 13.32ab | 13.10ab | 11.55b | 12.97ab | 13.44ab | 13.66a | 12.65b | 13.05 | 13.14 | 13.27 | 0.267 | 0.048 | 0.940 | 0.021 | |||||||||||
| 肝重率Liver weight rate | 3.06 | 2.47 | 2.34 | 2.62 | 2.17 | 2.46 | 2.62 | 2.42 | 2.84a | 2.32b | 2.40b | 0.079 | 0.157 | 0.010 | 0.266 | |||||||||||
表4 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary lipid source and supplemental level on meat quality of meat ducks |
| 项目 Items | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level/% | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 鸭油 Duck oil | 豆油 Soybean oil | 3 | 6 | 9 | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level | 来源×添加水平 Source× supplemental level | |||||||||||||
| 亮度L* | 42.91 | 42.48 | 43.95 | 46.63 | 44.24 | 43.66 | 43.11b | 44.90a | 44.77 | 43.36 | 43.81 | 0.446 | 0.048 | 0.382 | 0.172 | |||||||||||
| 红度a* | 10.43 | 10.17 | 9.93 | 9.80 | 9.73 | 9.75 | 10.18 | 9.76 | 10.12 | 9.95 | 9.85 | 0.173 | 0.257 | 0.822 | 0.879 | |||||||||||
| 黄度b* | 10.99 | 11.01 | 10.13 | 11.69 | 10.51 | 10.94 | 10.71 | 11.05 | 11.34 | 10.76 | 10.51 | 0.176 | 0.331 | 0.150 | 0.228 | |||||||||||
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 29.77 | 28.14 | 30.48 | 34.72 | 32.05 | 34.76 | 29.65b | 33.67a | 31.68 | 30.55 | 32.48 | 0.661 | 0.001 | 0.200 | 0.942 | |||||||||||
| pH 45 min | 5.51 | 5.46 | 5.46 | 5.42 | 5.47 | 5.45 | 5.48 | 5.45 | 5.46 | 5.47 | 5.45 | 0.012 | 0.202 | 0.873 | 0.235 | |||||||||||
| pH 24 h | 5.48 | 5.61 | 5.61 | 5.60 | 5.64 | 5.59 | 5.57 | 5.61 | 5.54 | 5.62 | 5.60 | 0.017 | 0.189 | 0.084 | 0.195 | |||||||||||
| pH 48 h | 5.50 | 5.54 | 5.52 | 5.51 | 5.57 | 5.50 | 5.52 | 5.53 | 5.50 | 5.56 | 5.51 | 0.012 | 0.716 | 0.135 | 0.760 | |||||||||||
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 4.37 | 3.75 | 4.28 | 4.65 | 4.18 | 4.39 | 4.13 | 4.41 | 4.51 | 3.96 | 4.34 | 0.188 | 0.486 | 0.492 | 0.947 | |||||||||||
| 肌内脂肪Intramuscular fat/% | 3.75 | 5.13 | 5.44 | 3.68 | 4.05 | 5.32 | 4.87 | 4.33 | 3.71c | 4.62b | 5.39a | 0.204 | 0.086 | <0.001 | 0.162 | |||||||||||
2.3 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响
表5 饲粮油脂来源与添加水平对肉鸭胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary lipid source and supplemental level on breast muscle fatty acid composition of meat ducks |
| 项目 Items | 鸭油组 Duck oil group | 豆油组 Soybean oil group | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level/% | SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3% | 6% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 鸭油 Duck oil | 豆油 Soybean oil | 3 | 6 | 9 | 来源 Source | 添加水平 Supplemental level | 来源×添加水平 Source× supplemental level | |||||||||||||
| 辛酸C8∶0/% | 0.13a | 0.07bc | 0.08bc | 0.08bc | 0.06c | 0.11ab | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11a | 0.07b | 0.10a | 0.006 | 0.470 | 0.017 | 0.008 | |||||||||||
| 十一烷酸C11∶0/% | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.09a | 0.06b | 0.08a | 0.07b | 0.07b | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.033 | 0.421 | |||||||||||
| 肉豆蔻酸C14∶0/% | 0.27b | 0.26bc | 0.32a | 0.23cd | 0.22d | 0.16e | 0.28a | 0.20b | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.747 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 棕榈酸C16∶0/% | 9.66a | 9.36ab | 9.77a | 8.89bc | 8.44c | 7.10d | 9.59a | 8.10b | 9.30a | 8.93a | 8.34b | 0.160 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 棕榈油酸C16∶1/% | 1.53b | 1.71ab | 1.99a | 0.81cd | 0.99c | 0.52d | 1.73a | 0.76b | 1.19 | 1.37 | 1.21 | 0.097 | <0.001 | 0.483 | 0.023 | |||||||||||
| 十七碳烯酸C17∶1/% | 1.53 | 1.41 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.29 | 1.42 | 1.29 | 1.43 | 1.33 | 1.30 | 0.035 | 0.067 | 0.285 | 0.435 | |||||||||||
| 硬脂酸C18∶0/% | 12.39ab | 12.27ab | 11.41bc | 12.56a | 10.95c | 12.18ab | 12.05 | 11.91 | 12.47a | 11.65b | 11.82b | 0.151 | 0.623 | 0.026 | 0.008 | |||||||||||
| 反式油酸C18∶1n9t/% | 0.31b | 0.31b | 0.34a | 0.21c | 0.18d | 0.14e | 0.32a | 0.17b | 0.27a | 0.25b | 0.23c | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 顺式油酸C18∶1n9c/% | 15.18a | 15.75a | 17.18a | 12.69b | 12.17b | 8.98c | 15.99a | 11.18b | 14.02 | 14.08 | 12.81 | 0.528 | <0.001 | 0.512 | 0.004 | |||||||||||
| 亚油酸C18∶2n6c/% | 28.49c | 29.20c | 30.44bc | 32.41b | 37.40a | 39.22a | 29.33b | 36.47a | 30.32c | 33.02b | 35.12a | 0.734 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.043 | |||||||||||
| γ-亚麻酸C18∶3n6/% | 0.52a | 0.47b | 0.49ab | 0.38c | 0.34c | 0.27d | 0.49a | 0.33b | 0.46a | 0.41b | 0.37c | 0.015 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||||||||||
| α-亚麻酸C18∶3n3/% | 1.08 | 1.04 | 0.92 | 1.11 | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.02b | 1.16a | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 0.025 | 0.004 | 0.360 | 0.168 | |||||||||||
| 二十碳二烯酸C20∶2/% | 2.41 | 1.93 | 1.67 | 1.86 | 1.70 | 1.50 | 2.02a | 1.68b | 2.15a | 1.82b | 1.58c | 0.057 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.110 | |||||||||||
| 芥酸C22∶1n9/% | 21.90 | 21.81 | 20.00 | 23.05 | 20.89 | 23.09 | 21.29 | 22.38 | 22.43 | 21.38 | 21.65 | 0.525 | 0.304 | 0.658 | 0.315 | |||||||||||
| 花生四烯酸C20∶4n6/% | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.006 | 0.189 | 0.977 | 0.485 | |||||||||||
| 二十三烷酸C23∶0/% | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.008 | 0.223 | 0.725 | 0.503 | |||||||||||
| 二十碳五烯酸C20∶5n3/% | 0.39a | 0.29b | 0.27b | 0.38a | 0.40a | 0.46a | 0.32b | 0.41a | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.014 | <0.001 | 0.366 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
| 二十四碳酸C24∶0/% | 2.70 | 2.55 | 2.36 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 2.16 | 2.54 | 2.32 | 2.64a | 2.41ab | 2.25b | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.020 | 0.785 | |||||||||||
| 二十二碳六烯酸C22∶6n3/% | 0.89 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.18 | 0.92b | 1.07a | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.455 | 0.090 | |||||||||||
| 饱和脂肪酸SFA/% | 25.63a | 24.89ab | 24.32b | 24.68b | 22.27c | 22.09c | 24.98a | 22.97b | 25.19a | 23.66b | 23.13b | 0.234 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.020 | |||||||||||
| 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA/% | 40.42a | 40.99a | 40.81a | 38.05b | 35.48c | 34.02c | 40.73a | 35.77b | 39.31a | 38.42ab | 37.19b | 0.487 | <0.001 | 0.033 | 0.006 | |||||||||||
| 多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA/% | 33.95c | 34.12c | 34.87bc | 37.27b | 42.25a | 43.89a | 34.29b | 41.26a | 35.50b | 37.91a | 39.68a | 0.693 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 | |||||||||||
| n-3多不饱和脂肪酸 n-3 PUFA/% | 2.31 | 2.32 | 2.06 | 2.42 | 2.61 | 2.69 | 2.24b | 2.58a | 2.37 | 2.46 | 2.40 | 0.057 | 0.001 | 0.672 | 0.120 | |||||||||||
| n-6多不饱和脂肪酸 n-6 PUFA/% | 29.23c | 29.86c | 31.14bc | 32.98b | 37.94a | 39.70a | 30.03b | 37.00a | 30.98c | 33.63b | 35.71a | 0.722 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.041 | |||||||||||
| n-6多不饱和脂肪酸/ n-3多不饱和脂肪酸 n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA | 13.03 | 12.97 | 15.65 | 14.38 | 14.72 | 14.97 | 13.80 | 14.70 | 13.66 | 13.79 | 15.29 | 0.466 | 0.395 | 0.313 | 0.532 | |||||||||||

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