1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 FSE的制备
1.1.2 FSE活性成分的测定
1.2 试验饲料的配制
表1 基础饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 33.00 |
| 葵花籽粕Sunflower seed meal | 11.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 11.00 |
| 面粉Wheat flour | 39.00 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.70 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.50 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.80 |
| 玉米油Corn oil | 2.00 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 1.00 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 17.33 |
| 干物质DM | 93.33 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 34.67 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 5.78 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 5.97 |
1)每千克维生素预混料含有 One kg of vitamin premix contained the following:VA 0.80 g,VD3 0.48 g,DL-α-生育酚乙酸酯DL-α-tocopherol acetate 20.00 g,VK3 0.43 g,VB1 0.11 g,核黄素 riboflavine 0.63 g,盐酸吡哆醇 pyridoxine HCl 0.92 g,VB12 0.10 g,抗坏血酸乙酸酯 ascorhyl acetate 7.16 g,D-泛酸钙 D-calcium pantothenate 2.73 g,烟酸 niacin 2.82 g,D-生物素 D-biotin (2%) 5.00 g,内消旋肌醇 meso-inositol 52.33 g,叶酸 folic acid 0.52 g。 2)每千克矿物质预混料含有 One kg of mineral premix contained the following:FeSO4·7H2O (20% Fe) 69.70 g,CuSO4·5H2O (25% Cu) 1.20 g,ZnSO4·7H2O (23% Zn) 21.64 g,MnSO4·H2O (32% Mn) 4.09 g,Na2SeO3·5H2O (1% Se) 2.50 g,KI (4% I) 2.90 g,CaCO3 897.98 g。 3)营养水平均为实测值。Nutrient levels were all measured values. |
1.3 动物试验
1.3.1 试验设计与饲养管理
1.3.2 生长性能的测定
1.3.3 体成分的测定
1.3.4 氧氮代谢试验
1.3.5 生化指标的测定
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 FSE活性成分含量
表2 当归石油醚提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的活性成分含量Table 2 Contents of active ingredients in PEE and EAE of Angelica sinensis % |
| 项目 Items | 当归脂溶性提取物Fat soluble extract of Angelica sinensis | |
|---|---|---|
| PEE | EAE | |
| 藁本内酯Ligustilide | 26.694 | 4.604 |
| 阿魏酸Ferulic acid | 0.004 | 0.561 |
| 儿茶素Catechin | 0.002 | — |
表中指标重复测定3次,结果相同。 | |
The indexes in the table had been measured three times with the same results. |
2.2 FSE对建鲤生长性能的影响
表3 FSE对建鲤生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of FSE on growth performance of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | 初重 IBW/ (g/尾) | 末重 FBW/ (g/尾) | 增重 WG/ (g/尾) | 特定生长率 SGR/(%/d) | 摄食量 FI/(g/尾) | 饲料效率 FE/% | 肥满度 CF/ (g/cm3) | 成活率 SR/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 12.91±0.04 | 15.07±0.17f | 2.16±0.16f | 1.03±0.07f | 3.69±0.00 | 58.45±4.38f | 2.61±0.12c | 100.00±0.00 | |
| 0.2% FSE | 12.92±0.04 | 14.48±0.10e | 1.56±0.09e | 0.76±0.04e | 3.69±0.00 | 42.19±2.37e | 2.55±0.08bc | 100.00±0.00 | |
| 0.4% FSE | 12.89±0.01 | 14.20±0.09d | 1.31±0.10d | 0.65±0.05d | 3.69±0.00 | 35.50±2.61d | 2.54±0.14bc | 100.00±0.00 | |
| 0.8% FSE | 12.91±0.04 | 14.00±0.06c | 1.09±0.07c | 0.54±0.03c | 3.69±0.00 | 29.63±1.92c | 2.47±0.11ab | 100.00±0.00 | |
| 1.2% FSE | 12.89±0.05 | 13.79±0.12b | 0.90±0.06b | 0.45±0.03b | 3.69±0.00 | 24.30±1.74b | 2.42±0.12a | 100.00±0.00 | |
| 1.6% FSE | 12.88±0.03 | 13.42±0.06a | 0.54±0.04a | 0.27±0.02a | 3.69±0.00 | 14.63±1.08a | 2.49±0.10ab | 100.00±0.00 | |
| 2.0% FSE | 12.89±0.04 | 13.29±0.02a | 0.40±0.04a | 0.21±0.02a | 3.69±0.00 | 10.93±1.03a | 2.53±0.09bc | 100.00±0.00 |
同列数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values in the same column with different letter superscripts were significantly different (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 FSE对建鲤体成分和营养物质沉积率的影响
表4 FSE对建鲤体成分和营养物质沉积率的影响Table 4 Effects of FSE on body composition and nutrient productive values in carcass of Jian carp % |
| 组别 Groups | 水分含量 Moisture content | 鱼体粗蛋 白质含量 BPC | 鱼体粗 脂肪含量 BLC | 鱼体 粗灰分含量 BAC | 粗蛋白质 沉积率 PPV | 粗脂肪 沉积率 LPV | 粗灰分 沉积率 APV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 76.16±1.16 | 14.09±0.06a | 5.14±0.08e | 3.20±0.06a | 19.75±1.05a | 65.70±3.64g | 27.52±2.84e |
| 0.2% FSE | 75.85±1.08 | 14.70±0.11b | 5.10±0.04de | 3.28±0.05b | 19.97±0.49a | 48.56±2.70f | 24.21±1.89d |
| 0.4% FSE | 75.69±1.02 | 15.15±0.19c | 5.04±0.05cd | 3.32±0.03bc | 22.21±1.67ab | 38.90±2.13e | 23.03±2.35cd |
| 0.8% FSE | 75.50±1.10 | 15.51±0.22d | 5.01±0.04bc | 3.33±0.03bc | 23.51±1.87bc | 31.76±2.84d | 20.57±1.00bc |
| 1.2% FSE | 75.27±0.67 | 16.09±0.20e | 4.96±0.01b | 3.37±0.03cd | 27.37±2.33d | 23.57±2.34c | 20.35±1.35bc |
| 1.6% FSE | 75.15±0.64 | 16.39±0.13f | 4.88±0.01a | 3.42±0.01d | 26.03±1.87cd | 10.83±1.00b | 17.76±0.83ab |
| 2.0% FSE | 75.20±1.06 | 16.50±0.13f | 4.84±0.02a | 3.42±0.02d | 25.46±1.14cd | 5.14±0.32a | 15.89±1.01a |
2.4 FSE对建鲤氧氮代谢的影响
表5 FSE对建鲤氧氮代谢的影响Table 5 Effects of FSE on oxygen and nitrogen metabolism of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | 体重 BW/ (g/尾) | 饱和溶氧 水体积 WV/(L/瓶) | 末溶氧 FDO/ (mg/L) | 末溶氨 FDA/ (μmol/L) | 氧消耗率 OCR/ [mg/(g·h)] | 氨释放率 AER/ [mg/(g·h)] | 氧氮比 O∶N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 14.24±0.32 | 4.27±0.10 | 5.79±0.12b | 91.00±2.23c | 0.273±0.014a | 0.050±0.005c | 4.78±0.38a |
| 0.2% FSE | 14.18±0.29 | 4.25±0.09 | 5.62±0.12b | 89.68±2.49c | 0.292±0.013a | 0.047±0.005c | 5.42±0.42a |
| 0.4% FSE | 14.19±0.26 | 4.26±0.08 | 5.41±0.11a | 85.94±1.98b | 0.318±0.014b | 0.040±0.004b | 7.01±0.43b |
| 0.8% FSE | 14.14±0.27 | 4.24±0.08 | 5.39±0.13a | 86.10±2.23b | 0.321±0.015b | 0.040±0.005b | 7.04±0.66b |
| 1.2% FSE | 14.11±0.28 | 4.23±0.07 | 5.31±0.08a | 82.91±1.05ab | 0.330±0.009b | 0.034±0.002ab | 8.61±0.78c |
| 1.6% FSE | 14.06±0.25 | 4.22±0.08 | 5.34±0.10a | 83.07±1.07ab | 0.326±0.012b | 0.034±0.002ab | 8.45±0.84c |
| 2.0% FSE | 14.07±0.35 | 4.22±0.10 | 5.36±0.08a | 82.37±1.46a | 0.324±0.009b | 0.033±0.003a | 8.76±0.92c |
初溶氧IDO:(8.06±0.23) mg/L;初溶氨IDA:(66.42±3.23) μmol/L。 |
2.5 FSE对建鲤生化指标的影响
2.5.1 血浆生化指标
表6 FSE对建鲤血浆生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of FSE on biochemical indicators in plasma of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | 谷草转氨酶 GOT/(U/L) | 谷丙转氨酶 GPT/(U/L) | 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 总氨基酸 TAA/(mmol/L) | 低密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/ (mmol/L) | 高密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/ (mmol/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 57.65±9.79bc | 127.04±24.99c | 24.58±0.60b | 38.92±4.74d | 2.34±0.10a | 2.58±0.13c |
| 0.2% FSE | 57.87±10.38bc | 94.93±18.73b | 23.04±1.11b | 38.21±3.34d | 2.63±0.21b | 1.32±0.07b |
| 0.4% FSE | 58.27±9.26bc | 55.82±6.90a | 28.53±1.60c | 35.44±3.17d | 3.12±0.18c | 1.30±0.03b |
| 0.8% FSE | 51.80±8.55ab | 47.01±1.30a | 22.55±0.96b | 26.17±4.61c | 2.97±0.08c | 1.23±0.18b |
| 1.2% FSE | 43.82±7.89ab | 36.53±6.02a | 23.99±2.69b | 23.29±3.33bc | 2.41±0.15ab | 1.22±0.06b |
| 1.6% FSE | 39.53±7.67a | 40.11±7.78a | 15.10±2.85a | 19.29±2.06ab | 2.37±0.12a | 1.26±0.11b |
| 2.0% FSE | 69.87±10.83c | 39.61±7.44a | 14.45±2.50a | 16.02±1.79a | 2.19±0.19a | 0.97±0.04a |
2.5.2 肝胰脏生化指标
表7 FSE对建鲤肝胰脏生化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of FSE on biochemical indicators in hepatopancreas of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | 谷草转氨酶 GOT/ (U/g prot) | 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/ (U/g prot) | 抗超氧阴离子 ASA/(U/g prot) | 丙二醛 MDA/ (nmol/mg prot) | 超氧化 物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 27.01±4.86a | 104.33±9.93ab | 33.07±1.50a | 15.67±2.30d | 87.14±5.23a |
| 0.2% FSE | 28.50±5.32ab | 109.20±21.93abc | 54.88±6.50b | 11.88±1.40c | 89.18±7.40a |
| 0.4% FSE | 32.86±6.12abc | 121.12±15.74bc | 68.39±3.94c | 7.29±0.58b | 103.25±2.46c |
| 0.8% FSE | 34.63±1.84bc | 129.11±12.18bc | 82.32±5.57d | 5.29±0.76a | 101.25±3.49bc |
| 1.2% FSE | 38.80±2.23c | 123.28±19.30bc | 66.89±3.20c | 5.05±1.26a | 94.99±3.89ab |
| 1.6% FSE | 34.43±2.16bc | 137.13±24.40c | 62.79±5.73c | 4.30±0.45a | 92.66±2.68a |
| 2.0% FSE | 34.70±2.86bc | 96.90±20.87a | 62.15±6.61bc | 3.86±0.51a | 92.49±8.32a |
2.5.3 肌肉生化指标
表8 FSE对建鲤肌肉生化指标的影响Table 8 Effects of FSE on biochemical indicators in muscle of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | 谷丙转氨酶 GPT/ (U/g prot) | 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/ (U/g prot) | 肌酸激酶 CK/(U/mg prot) | 过氧化氢 H2O2/ (mmol/g prot) | 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 11.83±1.39a | 233.25±25.05a | 42.24±6.90a | 26.69±4.50c | 27.10±0.86a |
| 0.2% FSE | 12.94±0.22ab | 243.92±14.08ab | 52.99±9.32b | 23.99±3.89bc | 29.13±0.79cd |
| 0.4% FSE | 12.91±1.73ab | 241.81±16.61ab | 54.77±6.02b | 23.89±2.47bc | 29.12±0.78cd |
| 0.8% FSE | 13.42±1.57ab | 245.55±9.50bc | 66.67±7.89c | 17.90±3.02a | 29.24±0.42d |
| 1.2% FSE | 13.34±0.78ab | 268.96±17.15c | 65.67±2.95c | 18.27±3.55a | 28.23±0.55bc |
| 1.6% FSE | 14.00±1.29bc | 263.78±10.38c | 68.02±3.97c | 19.10±2.56ab | 27.54±0.33ab |
| 2.0% FSE | 15.52±0.45c | 266.33±3.76c | 65.67±4.35c | 19.66±3.81ab | 27.25±0.23a |
2.5.4 鳃生化指标
表9 FSE对建鲤鳃生化指标的影响Table 9 Effects of FSE on biochemical indicators in gills of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | Na+/K+-ATP酶 NKA/ (U/mg prot) | 谷草转氨酶 GOT/ (U/g prot) | 抗羟自由基 AHR/ (U/mg prot) | 丙二醛 MDA/ (nmol/mg prot) | 超氧化物 歧化酶 SOD/(U/mg prot) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 6.98±0.75bc | 185.52±12.84a | 24.14±3.31a | 7.76±0.61b | 12.37±2.12a |
| 0.2% FSE | 7.84±0.84cd | 231.30±38.28b | 24.46±2.76a | 7.16±0.49ab | 14.83±1.48b |
| 0.4% FSE | 8.80±0.94d | 272.56±14.00b | 29.43±3.07b | 6.85±1.13ab | 16.68±2.26bc |
| 0.8% FSE | 8.49±1.00d | 273.02±35.20b | 34.21±0.78c | 6.89±0.79ab | 17.78±0.78c |
| 1.2% FSE | 7.65±1.45bcd | 324.47±26.03c | 36.49±2.13c | 6.45±0.17a | 17.04±0.59bc |
| 1.6% FSE | 6.21±0.80ab | 354.87±52.88c | 37.91±4.06c | 6.51±0.91a | 16.79±2.32bc |
| 2.0% FSE | 5.03±0.62a | 350.96±14.60c | 35.43±2.80c | 6.25±0.83a | 16.05±0.95bc |
2.5.5 红细胞生化指标
表10 FSE对建鲤红细胞生化指标的影响Table 10 Effects of FSE on biochemical indicators in erythrocytes of Jian carp |
| 组别 Groups | Na+/K+-ATP酶 NKA/ (U/mg Hb) | 谷草转氨酶 GOT/(U/g Hb) | 谷丙转氨酶 GPT/(U/g Hb) | 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/g Hb) | 谷胱甘肽过 氧化物酶 GPx/(U/mg Hb) | 还原型 谷胱甘肽 GSH/(mg/g Hb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空白Blank | 0.96±0.06a | 13.22±1.94a | 9.65±1.23a | 111.98±7.14a | 69.44±4.49ab | 5.87±0.99a |
| 0.2% FSE | 1.05±0.03b | 14.66±2.61ab | 10.20±0.56a | 192.37±12.47c | 79.02±4.42bc | 5.88±0.77a |
| 0.4% FSE | 1.15±0.06c | 16.28±1.08abc | 10.87±2.26a | 237.82±15.86d | 88.94±4.00c | 6.58±1.25a |
| 0.8% FSE | 1.20±0.03c | 18.05±2.66bc | 12.01±1.59a | 180.16±11.08bc | 106.57±6.03d | 6.43±0.88a |
| 1.2% FSE | 1.29±0.03d | 18.03±3.60bc | 11.90±1.75a | 180.85±20.93bc | 88.34±6.48c | 6.63±1.40a |
| 1.6% FSE | 1.45±0.08e | 19.61±2.72c | 17.07±1.79b | 166.30±16.19b | 78.71±4.95bc | 11.24±1.53b |
| 2.0% FSE | 1.55±0.04f | 19.78±2.97c | 17.13±1.18b | 167.51±12.85b | 67.59±11.60a | 15.19±1.47c |

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