1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets % |
| 项目 Items | 1~4周 1 to 4 weeks | 5~8周 5 to 8 weeks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料(饲喂基础) Ingredients (as-fed basis) | |||||
| 毛蛋Unhatched fertilized egg | 23 | 23 | |||
| 鸡骨架Chicken frames | 15 | 15 | |||
| 鸡头Chicken head | 15 | 16 | |||
| 海杂鱼Mixed saltwater fish | 12 | 12 | |||
| 鳕鱼排Cod steak | 10 | 10 | |||
| 鸡肝Chicken liver | 8 | 8 | |||
| 膨化玉米Extruded corn | 5 | 6 | |||
| 安康鱼头Monkfish head | 5 | 4 | |||
| 膨化豆粕Extruded soybean meal | 3 | 3 | |||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2 | 2 | |||
| 猪血粉Pork blood meal | 1 | ||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 合计Total | 100 | 100 | |||
| 营养水平(风干基础) Nutrient levels (air-dry basis)2) | |||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 17.96 | 17.99 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 36.69 | 32.96 | |||
| 粗脂肪EE | 24.35 | 25.40 | |||
| 粗灰分Ash | 11.92 | 12.59 | |||
| 钙Ca | 3.97 | 3.85 | |||
| 磷P | 1.03 | 1.05 | |||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 540 IU,VE 37.5 mg,VK3 0.72 mg,VB1 11.4 mg,VB2 7.2 mg,VB6 3.6 mg,VB12 0.019 5 mg,VC 30 mg,生物素 biotin 0.12 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 14.7 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 5.7 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 150 mg,Fe 30 mg,Cu 12.6 mg,Mn 15 mg,Zn 30 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其他为实测值。代谢能根据《水貂、狐、貉营养指南》(T/SDAA 0095—2024)中给出的计算公式计算:代谢能(MJ/kg)=[0.85×粗蛋白质(%)×4.5+0.90×粗脂肪(%)×9.5+0.75×无氮浸出物(%)×4.0]×4.18/100;无氮浸出物(%)=100-粗蛋白质(%)-粗脂肪(%)-粗灰分(%)。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. ME was calculated using the formula recommended by Nutritional Guidelines for Mink, Fox and Raccoon Dog (T/SDAA 0095—2024): ME (MJ/kg)=[0.85×CP(%)×4.5+0.90×EE(%)×9.5+0.75×NFE(%)×4.0]×4.18/100; NFE(%)=100-CP(%)-EE(%)-Ash(%). |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 养分表观消化率
1.4.3 血清免疫、抗氧化及生化指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂生长性能的影响
表2 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on growth performance of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.05%LRP | 0.10%LRP | 0.15%LRP | ||
| 体重BW/g | |||||
| 初始Initial | 950.23±12.54 | 953.18±15.63 | 948.41±7.81 | 945.68±15.53 | 0.982 |
| 第4周末The end of week 4 | 1 205.91±15.19b | 1 241.36±11.18ab | 1 259.09±8.86a | 1 247.73±16.03a | 0.040 |
| 第8周末The end of week 8 | 1 340.91±18.15b | 1 389.55±17.18ab | 1 423.18±20.20a | 1 400.00±17.54a | 0.022 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | |||||
| 第1~4周Weeks 1 to 4 | 9.36±0.43b | 10.29±0.39ab | 11.10±0.48a | 10.79±0.41a | 0.037 |
| 第5~8周Weeks 5 to 8 | 4.43±0.36b | 5.50±0.32ab | 6.05±0.53a | 5.78±0.42a | 0.047 |
| 第1~8周Weeks 1 to 8 | 6.98±0.22b | 7.79±0.28ab | 8.48±0.41a | 8.11±0.31a | 0.011 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | |||||
| 第1~4周Weeks 1 to 4 | 205.69±4.94 | 213.22±4.18 | 206.18±1.98 | 207.50±4.17 | 0.522 |
| 第5~8周Weeks 5 to 8 | 195.63±5.72 | 207.88±7.53 | 200.44±6.68 | 206.15±9.75 | 0.654 |
| 第1~8周Weeks 1 to 8 | 200.66±4.85 | 210.55±4.82 | 203.31±3.97 | 206.83±6.04 | 0.531 |
| 料重比F/G | |||||
| 第1~4周Weeks 1 to 4 | 22.34±0.91a | 21.06±1.01a | 18.99±0.95b | 19.54±0.57b | 0.042 |
| 第5~8周Weeks 5 to 8 | 46.71±3.37 | 40.87±2.79 | 34.44±3.02 | 38.73±2.72 | 0.050 |
| 第1~8周Weeks 1 to 8 | 28.92±0.76a | 27.39±1.21ab | 24.50±1.18b | 25.86±1.19ab | 0.041 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂养分表观消化率的影响
表3 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂养分表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on nutrient apparent digestibility of growing female minks % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.05%LRP | 0.10%LRP | 0.15%LRP | ||
| 干物质DM | 74.28±0.84b | 75.98±0.88ab | 77.98±0.86a | 77.47±0.72a | 0.022 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 85.54±0.53b | 86.19±0.47ab | 87.72±0.74a | 88.82±0.57a | 0.028 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 97.46±0.17 | 97.76±0.23 | 97.79±0.18 | 98.00±0.18 | 0.284 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 25.55±3.10 | 29.15±3.98 | 31.19±2.66 | 26.07±4.00 | 0.633 |
| 钙Ca | 21.06±3.28 | 23.13±2.62 | 22.86±2.47 | 23.81±3.50 | 0.926 |
| 磷P | 27.24±3.71 | 28.26±3.53 | 30.33±3.06 | 29.08±2.20 | 0.916 |
2.3 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂血清免疫指标的影响
表4 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂血清免疫指标的影响Table 4 Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on serum immune indexes of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.05%LRP | 0.10%LRP | 0.15%LRP | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 271.81±10.51b | 301.49±8.52ab | 324.38±17.46a | 311.50±11.03a | 0.038 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 22.79±0.87 | 23.86±1.02 | 25.87±1.10 | 25.11±0.84 | 0.143 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 2 622.83±106.49c | 2 838.09±97.12bc | 3 473.84±147.97a | 3 124.26±194.95ab | 0.002 |
| 补体4 C4/(μg/mL) | 201.82±7.69b | 212.39±9.02b | 216.29±9.71ab | 242.08±10.72a | 0.036 |
2.4 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on serum antioxidant indexes of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.05%LRP | 0.10%LRP | 0.15%LRP | ||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 156.97±1.56 | 160.06±5.87 | 160.56±2.28 | 160.25±1.95 | 0.865 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 14.09±1.34a | 9.87±0.90b | 9.11±0.99b | 11.36±1.41ab | 0.029 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 10.85±0.88b | 11.10±0.80b | 13.95±0.70a | 12.37±0.83ab | 0.042 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 3 146.03±83.54 | 3 188.33±109.93 | 3 255.90±71.83 | 3 081.86±93.14 | 0.589 |
2.5 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂血清生化指标的影响
表6 罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元对生长期母貂血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on serum biochemical indexes of growing female minks |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.05%LRP | 0.10%LRP | 0.15%LRP | ||
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 26.83±1.00b | 27.87±1.06ab | 30.51±0.51a | 29.55±0.98ab | 0.039 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 32.05±1.03b | 33.90±0.83ab | 36.48±0.66a | 35.21±1.43a | 0.035 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 4.94±0.11 | 5.03±0.39 | 4.69±0.35 | 4.49±0.52 | 0.732 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 58.89±1.34b | 61.77±1.68ab | 66.98±2.32a | 64.75±1.72a | 0.022 |
| 碱性磷酸酶AKP/(金氏单位/dL) | 13.65±1.36 | 15.44±1.10 | 15.02±1.30 | 17.25±1.57 | 0.325 |

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