1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1~35日龄 1 to 35 days of age | 36~70日龄 36 to 70 days of age | ||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 59.60 | 59.98 | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 29.00 | 28.50 | |||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 2.00 | 2.27 | |||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.28 | 3.00 | |||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.20 | 1.40 | |||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.20 | 1.20 | |||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.14 | 0.12 | |||
| L-赖氨酸L-Lys | 0.40 | 0.35 | |||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.18 | 0.18 | |||
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.00 | 3.00 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 13.11 | 13.88 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.90 | 15.79 | |||
| 粗纤维CF | 5.38 | 5.25 | |||
| 粗灰分Ash | 8.00 | 7.00 | |||
| 磷P | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||
| 钙Ca | 1.60 | 1.80 | |||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.49 | 0.42 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.90 | 0.75 | |||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 3 600 IU,VE 5 IU,VK 2.5 IU,VB1 2.4 mg,VB2 5 mg,VB3 2 mg,VB5 12 mg,VB6 2.8 mg,VB7 0.12 mg,VB9 1 mg,VB12 16 μg,胆碱 choline 1 300 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 60 mg,Zn 80 mg,I 0.7 mg,Se 0.25 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 测定指标
1.2.1 饲粮营养成分
1.2.2 生长性能
1.2.3 消化器官重量和指数
1.3 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 4个品种半番鸭的生长性能
表2 4个品种半番鸭公鸭的生长性能Table 2 Growth performance of 4 breeds of male semi-Muscovy ducks |
| 项目 Items | 品种Breeds | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 桂柳M18 Guiliu M18 | 中畜长白 Zhongxu Changbai | 科丰云品 Kefeng Yunpin | 克里莫M18 Clima M18 | ||
| 初生体重Birth body weight/g | 51.94±3.29c | 46.54±3.48d | 57.31±5.17a | 55.61±6.10b | 0.039 |
| 采食量Feed intake/kg | 8.62±1.36a | 7.58±2.13b | 8.30±1.94ab | 8.42±1.53a | 0.017 |
| 70日龄体重 Body weight at 70 days of age/g | 3 579.98±384.51a | 3 068.60±109.31b | 3 365.38±284.77ab | 3 236.00±249.66ab | 0.026 |
| 料重比Feed-to-gain ratio | 2.44±0.08b | 2.50±0.10ab | 2.50±0.11ab | 2.64±0.06a | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表3 4个品种半番鸭母鸭的生长性能Table 3 Growth performance of 4 breeds of female semi-Muscovy ducks |
| 项目 Items | 品种Breeds | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 桂柳M18 Guiliu M18 | 中畜长白 Zhongxu Changbai | 科丰云品 Kefeng Yunpin | 克里莫M18 Clima M18 | ||
| 初生体重Birth body weight/g | 50.32±5.08b | 46.78±2.11c | 54.36±5.17a | 54.32±5.08a | 0.031 |
| 采食量Feed intake/kg | 7.40±2.00b | 8.32±2.95a | 8.35±2.63a | 7.46±2.05b | 0.020 |
| 70日龄体重 Body weight at 70 days of age/g | 2 873.22±384.77 | 2 901.15±135.92 | 3 114.84±394.05 | 2 703.75±92.32 | 0.626 |
| 料重比Feed-to-gain ratio | 2.60±0.12b | 2.89±0.10a | 2.72±0.14ab | 2.80±0.16ab | 0.012 |
2.2 4个品种半番鸭的消化器官重量和指数
表4 4个品种半番鸭公鸭的消化器官重量和指数Table 4 Weights and indexes of digestive organs of 4 breeds of male semi-Muscovy ducks |
| 项目 Items | 品种Breeds | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 桂柳M18 Guiliu M18 | 中畜长白 Zhongxu Changbai | 科丰云品 Kefeng Yunpin | 克里莫M18 Clima M18 | ||
| 器官重量Organ weights/g | |||||
| 肝脏Liver | 45.94±7.67 | 46.59±8.47 | 41.72±13.91 | 47.86±10.95 | 0.208 |
| 胰腺Pancreas | 6.76±1.03 | 6.62±1.16 | 7.42±1.06 | 6.32±1.71 | 0.400 |
| 肌胃Gizzard | 63.23±12.23 | 59.92±4.20 | 64.47±10.32 | 65.56±9.99 | 0.800 |
| 腺胃Glandular stomach | 8.21±1.26 | 8.31±1.25 | 8.54±1.30 | 8.14±1.31 | 0.521 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 8.93±2.04 | 9.91±2.85 | 10.17±1.39 | 9.93±3.26 | 0.381 |
| 空肠+回肠Jejunum+ileum | 35.10±5.83 | 36.88±10.88 | 38.64±6.61 | 38.41±12.88 | 0.213 |
| 直肠Rectum | 4.73±1.10ab | 3.69±0.62b | 5.40±1.30a | 5.25±1.52a | 0.013 |
| 盲肠Caecum | 7.07±1.52 | 6.54±2.12 | 7.00±1.39 | 7.17±0.99 | 0.127 |
| 器官指数Organ indexes/% | |||||
| 肝脏Liver | 1.30±0.28 | 1.52±0.31 | 1.23±0.36 | 1.48±0.36 | 0.056 |
| 胰腺Pancreas | 0.19±0.04 | 0.22±0.04 | 0.22±0.03 | 0.20±0.06 | 0.082 |
| 肌胃Gizzard | 1.80±0.49 | 1.95±0.12 | 1.91±0.18 | 2.02±0.26 | 0.176 |
| 腺胃Glandular stomach | 0.23±0.04 | 0.27±0.04 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.25±0.05 | 0.590 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 0.25±0.08 | 0.32±0.10 | 0.30±0.05 | 0.31±0.11 | 0.611 |
| 空肠+回肠Jejunum+ileum | 1.00±0.24 | 1.20±0.37 | 1.15±0.22 | 1.19±0.43 | 0.821 |
| 直肠Rectum | 0.13±0.03ab | 0.12±0.02b | 0.16±0.03ab | 0.16±0.05a | 0.009 |
| 盲肠Caecum | 0.20±0.06 | 0.21±0.07 | 0.21±0.05 | 0.22±0.04 | 0.671 |
表5 4个品种半番鸭母鸭的消化器官重量和器官指数Table 5 Weights and indexes of digestive organs of 4 breeds of female semi-Muscovy ducks |
| 项目 Items | 品种Breeds | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 桂柳M18 Guiliu M18 | 中畜长白 Zhongxu Changbai | 科丰云品 Kefeng Yunpin | 克里莫M18 Clima M18 | ||
| 器官重量Organ weights/g | |||||
| 肝脏Liver | 65.70±11.16a | 54.17±8.16ab | 57.94±7.11ab | 49.49±14.71b | <0.001 |
| 胰腺Pancreas | 7.31±1.24 | 6.96±0.88 | 7.49±1.58 | 6.85±0.94 | 0.372 |
| 肌胃Gizzard | 71.28±6.25a | 59.30±7.01b | 64.51±6.13ab | 62.80±9.87ab | 0.004 |
| 腺胃Glandular stomach | 9.38±0.40 | 9.50±1.16 | 9.60±2.00 | 8.93±1.42 | 0.165 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 12.56±0.96a | 9.45±1.44b | 11.23±2.17ab | 9.55±1.34b | <0.001 |
| 空肠+回肠Jejunum+ileum | 48.87±4.39 | 41.87±5.27 | 46.85±13.17 | 44.85±20.74 | 0.621 |
| 直肠Rectum | 4.94±1.13 | 6.77±2.48 | 4.86±1.86 | 5.40±2.61 | 0.270 |
| 盲肠Caecum | 8.57±4.51 | 7.22±2.15 | 6.47±0.95 | 6.45±1.07 | 0.356 |
| 器官指数Organ indexes/% | |||||
| 肝脏Liver | 2.36±0.74 | 1.86±0.21 | 1.88±0.32 | 1.83±0.53 | 0.587 |
| 胰腺Pancreas | 0.26±0.06 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.24±0.04 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.253 |
| 肌胃Gizzard | 2.53±0.48a | 2.04±0.23b | 2.08±0.19b | 2.32±0.33ab | 0.026 |
| 腺胃Glandular stomach | 0.33±0.06 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.31±0.07 | 0.33±0.05 | 0.724 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 0.44±0.08a | 0.33±0.05b | 0.36±0.06b | 0.35±0.04b | <0.001 |
| 空肠+回肠Jejunum+ileum | 1.74±0.37 | 1.45±0.21 | 1.51±0.41 | 1.66±0.76 | 0.296 |
| 直肠Rectum | 0.17±0.05 | 0.23±0.08 | 0.16±0.06 | 0.20±0.09 | 0.873 |
| 盲肠Caecum | 0.32±0.22 | 0.25±0.07 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.24±0.04 | 0.622 |
2.3 4个品种半番鸭的生长性能和消化器官指数的相关性分析
2.3.1 公鸭的生长性能和消化器官指数的相关性分析
图1 半番鸭公鸭生长性能和消化器官指数的相关性分析A:桂柳M18半番鸭;B:中畜长白半番鸭;C:科丰云品半番鸭;D:克里莫M18半番鸭。*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。下图同。 Fig.1 Correlation analysis of growth performance and indexes of digestive organs of male semi-Muscovy ducks A: Guiliu M18 semi-Muscovy ducks; B: Zhongxu Changbai semi-Muscovy ducks; C: Kefeng Yunpin semi-Muscovy ducks; D: Clima M18 semi-Muscovy ducks. * indicated significant correlation (P<0.05), and ** indicated extremely significant correlation (P<0.01). The same as below. |

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