1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与试验饲料
表1 试验饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||
| 白鱼粉White fish meal | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 | ||||||
| 红鱼粉Brown fish meal | 27.00 | 27.00 | 27.00 | 27.00 | 27.00 | ||||||
| α-淀粉α-starch | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | ||||||
| 酵母粉Yeast powder | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | ||||||
| 膨化大豆Expanded soybean | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.85 | ||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||||
| 七水合硫酸镁MgSO4·7H2O | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||||
| 复合维生素预混料Compound vitamin premix1) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | ||||||
| 复合无机微量元素预混料 Compound inorganic micro-minerals premix2) | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.24 | |||||||
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 47.20 | 47.50 | 47.44 | 47.86 | 47.47 | ||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 6.03 | 6.05 | 6.02 | 6.03 | 6.00 | ||||||
| 粗灰分Ash | 12.65 | 12.74 | 12.62 | 12.74 | 12.60 | ||||||
1)每千克复合维生素预混料含 One kilogram of compound vitamin premix contained the following:VA 3 333 333.33 IU,VB1 2.67 g,VB2 5.00 g,VB6 2.00 g,VB12 0.01 g,VC 33.33 g,VD3 416 666.67 IU,VE 15.00 g,VK3 15.00 g,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 10.00 g,烟酸 nicotinic acid 23.33 g,叶酸 folic acid 0.33 g,D-生物素 D-biotin 0.05 g,肌醇 inositol 33.33 g。 | |
2)每千克复合无机微量元素预混料含 One kilogram of compound inorganic micro-minerals premix contained the following:Cu2(OH)3Cl 17.09 g,FeSO4·H2O 491.80 g,MnSO4·H2O 104.17 g,ZnSO4·H2O 238.10 g,Ca(IO3)2 6.72 g, Na2SeO3 1.48 g,CoSO4·H2O 2.02 g,沸石粉 zeolite powder 138.62 g。 | |
3)营养水平为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 各组饲料中主要微量元素(铜、铁、锰和锌)含量Table 2 Main micro-minerals (copper, iron, manganese and zinc) contents in diets of each group mg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |
| 铜Cu | 2.50 | 8.56 | 14.45 | 20.66 | 26.60 |
| 铁Fe | 273.75 | 364.80 | 455.21 | 541.53 | 631.49 |
| 锰Mn | 7.73 | 26.51 | 47.39 | 68.22 | 86.18 |
| 锌Zn | 64.36 | 114.09 | 167.32 | 215.98 | 265.35 |
实测值 Measured values。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 生长性能测定
1.6 血清生化指标测定
1.7 全鱼及饲料的常规营养成分测定
1.8 全鱼、脊椎骨及饲料的矿物质含量测定
1.9 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼生长性能的影响
表3 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of compound IMM premix on growth performance of juvenile American eels |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |
| 初始体重IBW/g | 22.91±0.09 | 22.99±0.10 | 22.91±0.12 | 23.12±0.22 | 22.92±0.21 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 56.45±1.90ab | 65.32±3.11c | 69.26±4.03c | 59.08±3.82b | 51.85±3.02a |
| 增重率WGR/% | 146.45±8.17ab | 184.19±13.23c | 202.29±16.04c | 155.43±14.13b | 126.23±13.05a |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 1.29±0.05ab | 1.49±0.67c | 1.58±0.76c | 1.34±0.78b | 1.16±0.08a |
| 摄食量FI/(g/尾) | 38.73±1.05ab | 48.93±3.37c | 51.36±3.52c | 42.15±2.47b | 37.17±0.96a |
| 饲料效率FE/% | 86.58±2.72b | 86.52±1.22b | 90.19±1.74b | 85.16±3.47b | 77.78±7.04a |
| 成活率SR/% | 96.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 97.33±4.62 | 97.33±2.31 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼血清生化指标的影响
表4 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of compound IMM premix on serum biochemical indices of juvenile American eels |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 15.91±1.07c | 9.45±1.28ab | 8.04±1.33a | 9.95±0.84ab | 11.10±0.29b |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 13.99±0.10c | 11.13±0.60b | 9.49±0.55a | 13.28±0.15c | 15.24±0.09d |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 11.60±0.53a | 12.50±1.19ab | 14.62±0.94c | 13.79±0.48bc | 11.54±0.39a |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 8.83±1.44b | 7.83±0.04b | 5.56±0.82a | 9.07±0.47bc | 10.46±0.70c |
| 谷草转氨酶GOT/(U/L) | 21.40±0.91d | 19.17±0.38c | 17.22±0.35a | 17.81±1.00ab | 18.86±0.49bc |
| 谷丙转氨酶GPT/(U/L) | 7.94±0.62b | 3.64±0.73a | 2.50±0.41a | 7.50±0.89b | 7.11±0.41b |
| 溶菌酶LZM/(U/mL) | 153.25±2.52b | 203.66±4.39c | 228.17±11.56d | 159.44±14.45b | 120.03±6.37a |
| 酸性磷酸酶ACP/(U/dL) | 6.30±0.91a | 7.80±0.81b | 7.62±0.40b | 6.87±0.44ab | 6.71±0.57ab |
| 碱性磷酸酶AKP/(U/dL) | 4.41±0.05a | 4.79±0.56ab | 6.11±0.33c | 5.25±0.08b | 4.89±0.62ab |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 199.38±20.17ab | 208.74±32.27ab | 320.80±39.06c | 228.17±39.13b | 165.60±18.56a |
| 补体3 C3/(μg/mL) | 803.29±39.67b | 856.40±41.19bc | 904.86±59.00c | 461.31±22.64a | 426.38±30.64a |
2.3 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼全鱼体成分的影响
2.4 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼全鱼矿物质蓄积的影响
表5 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼全鱼矿物质含量的影响(湿样基础)Table 5 Effects of compound IMM premix on whole fish mineral contents of juvenile American eels (wet sample basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |
| 钙Ca/(g/kg) | 3.72±0.06b | 3.81±0.10bc | 3.93±0.10c | 3.67±0.11ab | 3.52±0.12a |
| 磷P/(g/kg) | 3.61±0.04a | 3.77±0.08b | 3.83±0.01b | 3.82±0.07b | 3.59±0.08a |
| 铜Cu/(mg/kg) | 0.34±0.01a | 0.37±0.02a | 0.37±0.01a | 0.41±0.04b | 0.58±0.01c |
| 铁Fe/(mg/kg) | 7.99±0.29a | 9.51±0.16b | 9.74±0.36b | 9.73±0.28b | 11.29±0.38c |
| 锰Mn/(mg/kg) | 0.61±0.02a | 0.86±0.01b | 1.04±0.05c | 1.16±0.17c | 1.18±0.03c |
| 锌Zn/(mg/kg) | 19.83±0.44a | 21.13±1.76ab | 21.68±0.36bc | 23.22±0.90cd | 23.88±0.43d |
表6 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼全鱼矿物质蓄积率的影响(湿样基础)Table 6 Effects of compound IMM premix on whole fish mineral accumulation rates of juvenile American eels (wet sample basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |
| 钙Ca | 9.49±0.28bc | 10.29±0.45cd | 10.80±0.46d | 9.04±0.54b | 6.89±0.52a |
| 磷P | 12.71±0.24b | 13.31±0.43bc | 14.40±0.09d | 13.79±0.44cd | 10.64±0.47a |
| 铜Cu | 11.19±0.76d | 4.65±0.10c | 2.61±0.10b | 1.68±0.10a | 1.62±0.08a |
| 铁Fe | 2.44±0.23a | 6.63±0.95c | 4.14±0.23b | 1.99±0.02a | 1.95±0.18a |
| 锰Mn | 2.71±0.88d | 3.27±0.17e | 2.29±0.03c | 1.86±0.08b | 0.98±0.07a |
| 锌Zn | 17.22±0.50c | 29.13±2.16d | 16.65±0.40c | 10.87±0.83b | 8.39±0.62a |
2.5 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼脊椎骨矿物质含量的影响
表7 复合IMM预混料对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼脊椎骨矿物质含量的影响(湿样基础)Table 7 Effects of compound IMM premix on vertebrae mineral content of juvenile American eels(wet sample basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMM0 | IMM600 | IMM1200 | IMM1800 | IMM2400 | |
| 钙Ca/(g/kg) | 54.33±3.75a | 58.39±1.21b | 69.90±3.71c | 57.48±0.42b | 55.63±0.75ab |
| 磷P/(g/kg) | 35.98±2.82a | 39.27±1.28bc | 46.79±1.56d | 41.12±0.40c | 38.68±0.53b |
| 铜Cu/(mg/kg) | 8.02±0.53a | 8.29±0.78ab | 8.47±0.64ab | 9.00±0.86ab | 9.25±0.48b |
| 铁Fe/(mg/kg) | 30.05±1.60a | 32.74±0.92b | 39.54±2.27c | 41.83±0.59d | 41.45±1.26d |
| 锰Mn/(mg/kg) | 13.95±1.15a | 18.98±0.96b | 30.65±0.51c | 31.89±0.38d | 31.28±0.88cd |
| 锌Zn/(mg/kg) | 68.45±2.23a | 71.10±0.70b | 76.45±1.43c | 76.53±0.89c | 77.63±1.02c |

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