1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 7种秸秆样品信息Table 1 Information of 7 kinds of straw samples |
| 项目 Items | 科属 Family and genus | 生长年限 Growth years | 采样地点 Sampling position | 采样时间 Sampling time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孜然秸秆Cumin straw | 伞形科孜然芹属 | 一年生 | 和田津垦 | 2023-09-16 |
| 油菜秸秆Rape straw | 十字花科芸薹属 | 一年生 | 和田一牧场 | 2023-11-22 |
| 柠条Caragana korshinskii | 豆科锦鸡儿属 | 多年生 | 和田津垦 | 2023-09-16 |
| 油莎豆秸秆Tiger nut straw | 莎草科莎草属 | 多年生 | 三师53团 | 2023-11-22 |
| 棉花秸秆Cotton straw | 锦葵科棉属 | 一年生 | 一师10团 | 2023-10-16 |
| 粟米秸秆Millet straw | 禾本科狗尾草属 | 一年生 | 一师10团 | 2023-10-16 |
| 甘草秸秆Licorice straw | 豆科甘草属 | 多年生 | 二师27团 | 2023-11-18 |
表2 7种秸秆饲料常规养分含量(风干基础)Table 2 Conventional nutrient contents of 7 kinds of straw feeds (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋 白质 CP | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗灰分 Ash | 酸性洗 涤木质素 ADL | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孜然秸秆Cumin straw | 94.92 | 4.48 | 55.14 | 34.10 | 3.21 | 8.63 | 20.44 | ||||||||
| 油菜秸秆Rape straw | 94.70 | 3.43 | 63.16 | 41.76 | 5.68 | 4.66 | 19.12 | ||||||||
| 柠条Caragana korshinskii | 95.33 | 5.87 | 62.05 | 33.34 | 2.33 | 15.52 | 23.17 | ||||||||
| 油莎豆秸秆Tiger nut straw | 93.74 | 3.35 | 48.23 | 22.69 | 4.78 | 11.44 | 10.93 | ||||||||
| 棉花秸秆Cotton straw | 98.21 | 4.96 | 57.48 | 39.02 | 4.59 | 4.23 | 17.07 | ||||||||
| 粟米秸秆Millet straw | 93.40 | 3.09 | 59.72 | 33.24 | 3.31 | 7.97 | 16.89 | ||||||||
| 甘草秸秆Licorice straw | 95.11 | 8.09 | 46.50 | 32.28 | 4.06 | 7.22 | 16.48 |
以上数据均为实测值。The above data were measured values. |
1.2 试验动物和饲粮
表3 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 棉籽壳Cottonseed hull | 36.50 | ||
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 23.50 | ||
| 玉米Corn | 16.70 | ||
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 12.67 | ||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 5.25 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.73 | ||
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 0.75 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.90 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 干物质DM | 84.25 | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 8.32 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 12.01 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 5.69 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 4.21 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 30.58 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 51.99 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.85 | ||
| 磷P | 0.48 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 55 000 IU,VD3 13 000 IU,VE 500 mg,Fe 1 300 mg,Se 10.8 mg,Mn 1 100 mg,Zn 1 500 mg,Cu 200 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,根据《肉羊营养需要量》(NY/T 816—2021)计算;其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value based on Nutrient Requirements of Meat-Type Sheep and Goat (NY/T 816—2021), while the others were measured values. |
1.3 体外产气试验
1.3.1 试验方法
1.3.2 产气量和产气参数
1.4 尼龙袋试验
1.4.1 试验方法
1.4.2 瘤胃降解率和降解参数
1.5 体外三步法试验
1.5.1 试验方法
1.5.2 体外瘤胃降解率、小肠消化率和全消化道消化率计算公式
(降解前饲料中该营养物质含量-经瘤胃
降解后饲料残渣中该营养物质含量)/
降解前饲料中该营养物质含量;
降解后饲料残渣中该营养物质含量-
经胃和小肠消化后饲料残渣中
该营养物质含量)/经瘤胃降解后饲料
残渣中该营养物质含量;
饲料中该营养物质含量-经瘤胃、胃和小肠
消化后饲料残渣中该营养物质
含量)/降解前饲料中该营养物质含量。
1.6 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 7种秸秆产气量和产气参数
表4 7种秸秆72 h累积产气量和产气参数Table 4 Cumulative gas production and gas production parameters in 72 h of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 孜然秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎 豆秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72 h产气量 Gas production at 72 h | 69.33a | 46.00c | 38.33d | 65.33ab | 47.00c | 62.33b | 66.67ab | 2.623 | <0.001 |
| 产气参数Gas production parameters | |||||||||
| 快速产气部分a/mL | 7.35a | 3.64bc | 3.22bc | -0.32d | 1.72cd | -3.89e | 5.67ab | 0.851 | <0.001 |
| 慢速产气部分b/mL | 69.95a | 42.55c | 38.40c | 70.73a | 51.50b | 67.64a | 65.73a | 2.903 | <0.001 |
| 产气速率c/(%/h) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.002 | 0.240 |
| 潜在产气量a+b/mL | 77.30a | 46.19e | 41.61e | 70.41b | 53.22d | 63.75c | 71.40ab | 2.911 | <0.001 |
2.2 7种秸秆瘤胃降解率和降解参数
2.2.1 DM瘤胃降解率和降解参数
表5 7种秸秆DM瘤胃降解率和降解参数Table 5 DM rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 孜然 秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎豆 秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||||
| 6 h | 17.29b | 13.46c | 11.21d | 18.74b | 23.77a | 13.39c | 21.87a | 0.992 | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 33.51a | 23.19d | 19.25e | 24.64d | 27.35c | 27.61c | 30.47b | 0.996 | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 40.45a | 34.21bc | 28.48e | 30.54de | 33.30bcd | 31.51cd | 34.68b | 0.840 | <0.001 |
| 36 h | 41.75a | 39.48c | 32.41e | 36.67d | 39.66bc | 38.09cd | 41.40ab | 0.692 | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 50.10a | 44.11c | 35.77d | 45.15bc | 43.59c | 45.52bc | 46.50b | 0.929 | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 54.35a | 48.06c | 38.43e | 50.76b | 45.74d | 49.41bc | 50.84b | 1.061 | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 8.19c | 2.62d | 1.35d | 14.03b | 18.00a | 7.30c | 16.99ab | 1.424 | <0.001 |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 45.70b | 46.90b | 37.72c | 56.04a | 32.29d | 45.55b | 39.63c | 1.645 | <0.001 |
| 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.05a | 0.05a | 0.05a | 0.02c | 0.03b | 0.04b | 0.03b | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 36.37a | 30.53d | 24.95e | 32.66bc | 33.83b | 31.45cd | 35.62a | 0.806 | <0.001 |
2.2.2 CP瘤胃降解率和降解参数
表6 7种秸秆CP瘤胃降解率和降解参数Table 6 CP rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 孜然 秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎豆 秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||||
| 6 h | 23.54d | 38.96a | 26.47c | 18.61e | 18.30e | 26.54c | 32.57b | 1.556 | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 42.82a | 43.67a | 41.28a | 21.59d | 29.82c | 37.64b | 43.80a | 1.781 | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 55.50a | 46.55b | 43.55c | 26.53e | 36.32d | 41.69c | 54.61a | 2.119 | <0.001 |
| 36 h | 59.36b | 49.27cd | 49.73c | 29.19e | 54.10c | 44.61d | 67.66a | 2.553 | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 64.48b | 52.57c | 54.23c | 37.28e | 64.40b | 47.50d | 74.35a | 2.567 | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 69.34b | 55.10d | 59.09c | 42.14f | 69.26b | 52.36e | 79.21a | 2.596 | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 1.90e | 36.40a | 20.89b | 15.69c | 7.78d | 20.60b | 20.75b | 2.327 | <0.001 |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 65.28b | 22.79e | 39.30c | 61.14b | 79.46a | 31.19d | 64.81b | 4.405 | <0.001 |
| 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.07a | 0.03d | 0.04bc | 0.01e | 0.03d | 0.05b | 0.04c | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 47.69b | 46.59b | 43.18c | 28.14e | 41.67c | 39.56d | 54.81a | 1.717 | <0.001 |
2.2.3 NDF瘤胃降解率和降解参数
表7 7种秸秆NDF瘤胃降解率和降解参数Table 7 NDF rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 孜然 秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎豆 秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||||
| 6 h | 14.32ab | 10.86c | 12.40bc | 11.69c | 11.16c | 12.39bc | 15.81a | 0.443 | 0.004 |
| 12 h | 23.84b | 17.16d | 17.62d | 27.96a | 21.95c | 27.54a | 25.41b | 0.930 | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 32.51b | 26.38d | 24.36e | 35.46a | 26.70d | 31.78b | 29.31c | 0.842 | <0.001 |
| 36 h | 38.84b | 30.80c | 27.26d | 41.67a | 30.68c | 41.38a | 32.49c | 1.216 | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 45.42b | 37.25d | 30.48f | 48.44a | 35.54e | 46.53ab | 38.71c | 1.337 | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 50.28b | 44.44c | 35.34e | 55.30a | 38.87d | 51.39ab | 43.57c | 1.359 | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 6.63b | 5.27b | 7.74b | 0.94c | 5.09b | 4.63b | 12.67a | 0.802 | <0.001 |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 48.46a | 49.98a | 31.45c | 51.78a | 34.99bc | 49.56a | 36.46b | 1.839 | <0.001 |
| 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.03bc | 0.02c | 0.03bc | 0.05a | 0.04ab | 0.04ab | 0.03c | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 31.49a | 25.74c | 22.89d | 32.55a | 25.19c | 32.02a | 29.12b | 0.806 | <0.001 |
2.2.4 ADF瘤胃降解率和降解参数
表8 7种秸秆ADF瘤胃降解率和降解参数Table 8 ADF rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 孜然 秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎豆 秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||||||||||||||
| 6 h | 9.66c | 8.57d | 9.30cd | 9.87bc | 10.59b | 8.71d | 11.84a | 0.249 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 12 h | 15.93b | 12.59d | 14.05c | 15.79b | 15.89b | 14.92bc | 19.51a | 0.458 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 24 h | 21.13cd | 17.25f | 19.71de | 24.75b | 21.81c | 19.49e | 28.69a | 0.804 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 36 h | 32.73b | 23.44e | 26.00d | 34.59a | 27.65c | 26.48cd | 33.85ab | 0.926 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 48 h | 36.73b | 27.89d | 31.50c | 42.18a | 30.82c | 31.82c | 36.21b | 0.999 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 72 h | 42.40b | 32.72e | 34.83d | 44.68a | 33.82de | 33.98de | 37.38c | 0.978 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||||||||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 3.24b | 4.55a | 4.10ab | 0.87c | 4.83a | 3.24b | 0.70c | 0.365 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 49.34b | 39.30c | 37.93c | 51.45a | 32.18de | 35.95d | 37.53cd | 1.486 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.02c | 0.02c | 0.02c | 0.03b | 0.03b | 0.03b | 0.06a | 0.003 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 有效降解率ED/% | 26.67b | 21.00d | 22.68c | 28.64a | 23.20c | 22.52c | 26.96b | 0.598 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
2.3 体外三步法试验结果
2.3.1 7种秸秆体外瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率
表9 7种秸秆体外瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率Table 9 In vitro rumen degradation rate and small intestinal digestibility of 7 kinds of straws % |
| 项目 Items | 孜然 秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎豆 秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 体外瘤胃降解率In vitro rumen degradation rate | |||||||||
| 干物质DM | 39.65a | 27.86d | 27.21de | 23.94e | 28.88cd | 35.46b | 31.56c | 1.163 | <0.001 |
| 有机物OM | 34.21a | 25.09c | 21.73d | 19.71d | 27.14bc | 30.29b | 27.73bc | 1.072 | <0.001 |
| 体外小肠消化率In vitro small intestinal digestibility | |||||||||
| 干物质DM | 20.02b | 20.05b | 17.48c | 23.80a | 19.90b | 20.04b | 23.34a | 0.490 | <0.001 |
| 有机物OM | 17.28c | 18.05bc | 13.94d | 19.59ab | 18.70bc | 17.12c | 20.52a | 0.466 | <0.001 |
2.3.2 7种秸秆体外全消化道消化率
表10 7种秸秆体外全消化道消化率Table 10 In vitro total digestive tract digestibility of 7 kinds of straws % |
| 项目 Items | 孜然 秸秆 Cumin straw | 油菜 秸秆 Rape straw | 柠条 Caragana korshinskii | 油莎豆 秸秆 Tiger nut straw | 棉花秸秆 Cotton straw | 粟米秸秆 Millet straw | 甘草秸秆 Licorice straw | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 59.67a | 47.90cd | 44.69d | 47.74cd | 48.77c | 55.50b | 54.90b | 1.163 | <0.001 |
| 有机物OM | 51.49a | 43.14c | 35.66e | 39.29cd | 45.84b | 47.41b | 48.25b | 1.178 | <0.001 |
2.4 7种秸秆产气量与营养物质瘤胃有效降解率和体外消化率的相关性分析
表11 7种秸秆产气量与营养物质瘤胃有效降解率相关关系Table 11 Correlation between gas production and effective degradation rates of nutrients in rumen of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 产气量Gas production | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
| DM有效降解率EDDM | 0.702 | 0.768* | 0.672 | 0.707 | 0.765* | 0.784* |
| CP有效降解率EDCP | 0.400 | 0.359 | 0.266 | 0.342 | 0.432 | 0.438 |
| NDF有效降解率EDNDF | 0.625 | 0.617 | 0.453 | 0.407 | 0.481 | 0.465 |
| ADF有效降解率EDADF | 0.620 | 0.616 | 0.575 | 0.674 | 0.776* | 0.757* |
表12 7种秸秆产气量与体外小肠和全消化道消化率相关关系Table 12 Correlation between gas production and in vitro small intestinal and total digestive tract digestibilities of 7 kinds of straws |
| 项目 Items | 产气量Gas production | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
| 体外小肠消化率In vitro small intestinal digestibility | ||||||
| 干物质DM | 0.541 | 0.659 | 0.641 | 0.683 | 0.713 | 0.706 |
| 有机物OM | 0.440 | 0.595 | 0.518 | 0.546 | 0.575 | 0.585 |
| 体外全消化道消化率In vitro total digestive tract digestibility | ||||||
| 干物质DM | 0.848* | 0.815* | 0.803* | 0.773* | 0.773* | 0.794* |
| 有机物OM | 0.682 | 0.703 | 0.640 | 0.609 | 0.612 | 0.644 |
表13 基于产气量预测7种秸秆瘤胃有效降解率及DM全消化道消化率方程Table 13 Equations for predicting effective degradation rate in rumen and DM total tract digestibility of 7 kinds of straws based on gas production |
| 项目Items | 预测方程Prediction equations | 决定系数R2 | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有效降解率ED | DM有效降解率=18.46+0.244GP72 h | 0.615 | 0.037 |
| DM有效降解率=19.05+0.536GP12 h | 0.589 | 0.044 | |
| ADF有效降解率=15.292+0.179GP48 h | 0.602 | 0.040 | |
| 全消化道消化率 Total digestive tract digestibility | DM全消化道消化率=31.869+1.296GP6 h | 0.719 | 0.016 |
| DM全消化道消化率=31.611+0.803GP12 h | 0.664 | 0.026 | |
| DM全消化道消化率=31.683+0.511GP24 h | 0.645 | 0.030 |
GP:产气量 gas production。 |

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