1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
表1 4种蛋白质饲料原料粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量(风干基础)Table 1 Crude protein and amino acid contents of four kinds of protein feedstuffs (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 花生仁粕 Peanut meal | 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质CP | 43.53 | 40.44 | 48.08 | 55.23 |
| 天门冬氨酸Asp | 4.52 | 2.66 | 5.04 | 3.08 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 1.54 | 1.62 | 1.16 | 1.71 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 1.80 | 1.47 | 1.89 | 2.39 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 6.79 | 6.55 | 7.99 | 11.18 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 1.74 | 1.99 | 2.59 | 1.41 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 1.85 | 1.75 | 1.81 | 4.87 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 1.98 | 2.00 | 1.84 | 2.41 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.58 | 0.72 | 0.56 | 1.03 |
| 胱氨酸Cys | 0.64 | 0.97 | 0.50 | 0.75 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 1.91 | 1.59 | 1.53 | 2.22 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 3.20 | 2.83 | 2.95 | 9.35 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 1.27 | 0.98 | 1.47 | 2.26 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 2.16 | 1.61 | 2.33 | 3.45 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 2.60 | 2.50 | 1.60 | 0.89 |
| 组氨酸His | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.16 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 2.77 | 2.28 | 4.84 | 1.49 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 2.08 | 2.43 | 1.94 | 5.14 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.56 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.33 |
| 总必需氨基酸TEAA | 14.53 | 13.29 | 12.41 | 21.40 |
| 总非必需氨基酸TNEAA | 24.53 | 22.17 | 29.12 | 33.72 |
| 总氨基酸TAA | 39.06 | 35.45 | 41.53 | 55.12 |
1.3 试验动物和饲粮
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 1~70日龄 1 to 70 days of age | 71~140日龄 71 to 140 days of age |
|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 57.20 | 62.85 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 35.45 | 28.14 |
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn protein meal | 1.50 | 3.05 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 1.89 | 2.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| L-赖氨酸L-Lys (78%) | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.04 | 12.31 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 21.30 | 19.22 |
| 钙Ca | 0.91 | 0.94 |
| 总磷TP | 0.55 | 0.61 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.31 | 0.35 |
1)1~70日龄预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet for 1 to 70 days of age:VA 10 000 IU,VB1 2 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB5 40 mg,VB6 3.5 mg,VB12 0.01 mg,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 0.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.05 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.55 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 10 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 35 mg,胆碱 choline 1 300 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 8 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 100 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 120 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 100 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.7 mg,Se 0.3 mg。71~140日龄预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet for 71 to 140 days of age:VA 8 000 IU,VB1 2 mg,VB2 5 mg,VB5 40 mg,VB6 3.5 mg,VB12 0.01 mg,VD3 750 IU,VE 15 IU,VK3 0.5mg,生物素 biotin 0.05 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.55 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 10 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 mg,胆碱 choline 1 000 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 8 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 80 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 100 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 80 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.7 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 | |
2)代谢能为计算值[12],其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value[12], while the others were measured values. |
表3 试验饲粮组成(风干基础)Table 3 Composition of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 45.95 | ||||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 49.46 | ||||
| 花生仁粕Peanut meal | 41.60 | ||||
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 36.21 | ||||
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 15.05 | 14.00 | 16.36 | 17.97 | 20.17 |
| 葡萄糖粉Glucose powder | 35.12 | 32.66 | 38.16 | 41.94 | 64.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.90 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.30 |
| 二氧化钛TiO2 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 微量元素预混料Trace element premix | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.50 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 4.70 | ||||
| 碳酸钾K2CO3 | 0.26 | ||||
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.75 | ||||
| 氯化钾KCl | 0.29 | ||||
| 氯化镁MgCl2 | 0.20 | ||||
| 羧甲基纤维素Carboxymethyl cellulose | 5.00 | ||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
1.4 试验设计和饲养管理
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.6 计算公式
1.6.1 氨基酸AID
1.6.2 IAAend
1.6.3 氨基酸SID
1.7 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 70和140日龄湘黄鸡对4种蛋白质饲料原料氨基酸AID
表4 70和140日龄湘黄鸡对4种蛋白质饲料原料氨基酸AIDTable 4 Amino acid AID of four kinds of protein feedstuffs in Xianghuang chickens at 70 and 140 days of age % |
| 项目 Items | 豆粕Soybean meal | 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 花生仁粕Peanut meal | 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | ||||
| 天门冬氨酸Asp | 65.07±11.26 | 69.85±3.66 | 62.38±8.43 | 69.73±4.90 | 64.80±13.88 | 73.68±2.79 | 47.99±10.28 | 51.34±7.45 | |||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 57.96±14.79 | 58.36±8.65 | 49.67±10.56 | 62.19±4.00 | 48.29±15.09 | 54.47±6.96 | 39.50±11.42 | 43.34±9.48 | |||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 60.22±14.09 | 61.56±6.19 | 48.95±11.05 | 62.34±4.50 | 48.53±16.83 | 63.70±4.42 | 53.66±13.82 | 60.43±12.53 | |||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 72.13±9.54 | 75.02±3.50 | 79.50±4.45 | 81.54±3.53 | 72.96±11.00 | 79.30±2.72 | 70.61±6.98 | 64.18±12.19 | |||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 60.05±14.13 | 64.11±4.60 | 65.98±7.26 | 72.50±3.88 | 44.54±16.86 | 57.50±4.07 | 31.60±11.02 | 44.66±5.16 | |||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 67.71±11.87 | 71.73±4.31 | 67.59±7.45 | 74.86±3.68 | 61.63±12.10 | 72.34±3.91 | 73.74±6.33 | 69.33±10.51 | |||
| 缬氨酸Val | 66.46±12.13 | 68.86±5.18 | 61.00±8.76 | 69.54±3.99 | 58.57±12.73 | 70.25±4.53 | 55.93±12.28 | 55.28±9.58 | |||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 71.19±10.12 | 72.19±4.72 | 66.23±8.16 | 72.84±3.80 | 64.28±11.22 | 71.44±4.26 | 62.06±10.94 | 59.21±9.28 | |||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 68.60±11.03 | 72.14±4.37 | 67.86±7.21 | 75.68±3.55 | 64.94±10.70 | 74.17±4.02 | 76.58±5.51 | 70.68±12.18 | |||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 70.33±10.63 | 74.57±4.12 | 63.68±9.48 | 75.99±4.23 | 70.57±8.65 | 79.26±2.98 | 69.71±8.01 | 65.49±12.06 | |||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 70.90±10.15 | 75.59±3.27 | 68.32±8.07 | 77.27±3.84 | 69.72±9.92 | 80.31±2.94 | 70.38±7.89 | 68.98±10.62 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 71.28±10.75 | 76.71±3.67 | 69.39±6.99 | 77.38±3.42 | 57.34±15.82 | 67.52±5.30 | 15.03±4.84 | 38.04±11.89 | |||
| 组氨酸His | 72.19±10.28 | 75.49±3.23 | 74.62±6.04 | 80.85±3.35 | 62.43±12.99 | 72.25±3.44 | 53.26±11.15 | 58.01±9.29 | |||
| 精氨酸Arg | 77.46±8.10 | 79.75±3.28 | 78.23±5.70 | 80.68±4.15 | 80.12±7.47 | 84.40±2.17 | 48.77±12.67 | 49.85±5.48 | |||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 67.86±11.52 | 69.07±4.41 | 62.07±8.23 | 70.16±4.08 | 58.59±14.19 | 73.30±3.67 | 67.47±7.84 | 64.80±7.45 | |||
2.2 70和140日龄湘黄鸡对4种蛋白质饲料原料氨基酸SID
表5 70和140日龄湘黄鸡对4种蛋白质饲料原料氨基酸SIDTable 5 Amino acid SID of four kinds of protein feedstuffs in Xianghuang chickens at 70 and 140 days of age % |
| 项目 Items | 豆粕Soybean meal | 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 花生仁粕Peanut meal | 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | 70日龄 70 days of age | 140日龄 140 days of age | ||||
| 天门冬氨酸Asp | 77.59±11.26 | 83.33±3.66 | 82.14±8.43b | 91.01±4.90a | 77.20±13.88 | 87.04±2.79 | 71.30±10.28 | 76.44±7.46 | |||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 82.90±14.79 | 85.21±8.65 | 72.14±10.57b | 85.90±4.00a | 79.96±18.15 | 93.84±6.96 | 64.94±11.42 | 70.19±9.48 | |||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 80.78±14.09 | 83.33±6.19 | 72.33±11.05b | 87.10±4.50a | 70.15±16.83b | 86.59±4.42a | 73.31±13.82 | 73.89±12.53 | |||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 83.34±9.54 | 87.52±3.50 | 90.30±4.45 | 93.57±3.53 | 83.49±11.00 | 91.03±2.72 | 79.26±6.98 | 73.81±12.19 | |||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 77.56±14.13 | 82.87±4.60 | 80.20±7.26b | 87.74±3.88a | 57.54±16.86 | 71.43±4.07 | 59.02±11.02 | 74.04±5.16 | |||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 85.36±11.87 | 89.37±4.31 | 84.92±7.45 | 92.19±3.68 | 81.56±12.10 | 92.26±3.91 | 82.25±6.33 | 77.84±10.51 | |||
| 缬氨酸Val | 84.04±12.12 | 88.64±5.17 | 77.17±8.75b | 87.74±3.99a | 79.47±13.73b | 93.77±4.53a | 74.26±12.28 | 75.90±9.58 | |||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 84.86±10.12 | 90.42±4.72 | 81.49±8.16b | 93.19±3.80a | 83.13±11.21b | 96.58±4.26a | 76.99±10.94 | 79.12±9.28 | |||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 84.24±11.03 | 89.82±4.36 | 84.30±7.21b | 94.25±3.55a | 83.68±10.70b | 95.36±4.02a | 83.38±5.51 | 78.37±12.18 | |||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 87.47±10.63 | 91.70±4.12 | 84.32±9.48b | 96.62±4.24a | 86.92±8.64b | 95.62±2.98a | 81.93±8.01 | 77.71±12.06 | |||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 84.00±10.15 | 89.69±3.27 | 84.64±8.07b | 94.85±3.84a | 83.13±9.92b | 94.76±2.94a | 80.78±7.89 | 80.18±10.62 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 86.35±10.75 | 94.29±3.66 | 83.95±6.99b | 94.36±3.84a | 84.38±15.82 | 97.77±5.30 | 79.32±4.84b | 96.65±11.88a | |||
| 组氨酸His | 86.56±10.28 | 89.86±3.23 | 87.85±6.03 | 94.08±3.35 | 78.61±12.99 | 88.43±3.44 | 69.93±11.15 | 74.67±9.30 | |||
| 精氨酸Arg | 89.24±8.09 | 93.89±3.28 | 91.53±5.70 | 96.64±4.15 | 87.57±7.47 | 93.34±2.17 | 76.58±12.66 | 78.89±5.48 | |||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 83.56±11.52 | 84.76±4.41 | 74.55±8.23 | 82.64±4.08 | 77.18±14.19b | 91.89±3.66a | 75.53±7.84 | 72.86±7.45 | |||

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