1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 43~50日龄 43 to 50 days of age | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 48.00 | 51.00 | 52.50 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 22.80 | 14.50 | 11.20 |
| 小麦Wheat | 8.00 | 9.00 | 10.00 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4.50 |
| 葵花粕Sunflower meal | 10.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 2.50 | 3.00 | 4.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.10 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 2.30 | 2.10 | 1.70 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl (78%) | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.40 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine (99%) | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.20 |
| L-苏氨酸L-threonine (99%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.10 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) | 11.93 | 12.34 | 12.56 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 21.32 | 19.57 | 18.26 |
| 钙Calcium | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.85 |
| 总磷Total phosphorus | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.74 |
| 非植酸磷Non-phytate phosphorus | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.39 |
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 1.31 | 1.21 | 0.98 |
| 赖氨酸+胱氨酸Methionine+cystine | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.83 |
1)预混料可每千克饲粮提供 Premix provides the following per kilogram of diets:1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age, VA 12 000 IU,VD3 600 IU,VE 45 IU,VK 2.5 mg,VB1 2.4 mg,VB2 5 mg,VB6 2.8 mg,VB12 16 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,烟酸 niacin 42 mg,生物素biotin 0.12 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 300 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 80 mg,Zn 85 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.7 mg;22~42日龄22 to 42 days of age,VA 9 000 IU,VD3 600 IU,VE 45 IU,VK 2.5 mg,VB1 2.4 mg,VB2 5.0 mg,VB6 2.8 mg,VB12 16 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,烟酸 niacin 42 mg,生物素 biotin 0.12 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 000 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 80 mg,Zn 80 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.7 mg;43~50日龄 43 to 50 days of age,VA 6 000 IU,VD3 500 IU,VE 25 IU,VK 1.7 mg,VB1 1.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB6 0.6 mg,VB12 8 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 8.0 mg,烟酸 niacin 20 mg,生物素 biotin 0.02 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 750 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 80 mg,Zn 75 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.5 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷含量为实测值,其余为计算值。Crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus are measured values, while the others are calculated values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集
1.6 指标测定
1.6.1 生长性能
1.6.2 肉品质测定
1.6.3 血浆与肌肉生化指标测定
1.6.4 肝脏中抗氧化相关基因相对表达量检测
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession No. | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| β-肌动蛋白β-actin | NM_001001611.2 | F:GAGAAATTGTGCGTGACATCA R:CCTGAACCTCTCATTGCCA | 152 |
| 硫氧还蛋白2 Trx2 | NM_001122691.3 | F:GGGACTTGGTGGAACTTGTGT R:GTGTCCCCAGTTCAGGGATT | 190 |
| 核因子E2相关因子2 Nrf2 | XM_046921121.1 | F:GGCCACCCTAAAGCTCCATT R:GGCTTCACTGAACTGCTCCT | 177 |
| 血红素加氧酶-1 HO-1 | NM_205344.2 | F:CGGAACTCCTGAAGGAAGCC R:CCGTGACCAGCTTGAACTCG | 114 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px | NM_001277853.3 | F:AAGTGCCAGGTGAACGGGAAGG R:AGGGCTGTAGCGGCGAAAG | 204 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD | NM_205064.2 | F:TGACCTCGGCAATGTGACTG R:CATGGTACGGCCAATGATGC | 103 |
1.7 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | SF150 | SF300 | SF450 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 初重IBW/g | 44.45 | 44.44 | 44.45 | 44.45 | 0.011 | 0.995 | ||
| 末重FBW/g | 1 638.75 | 1 657.29 | 1 675.00 | 1 656.67 | 15.532 | 0.372 | ||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 31.89 | 32.26 | 32.61 | 32.24 | 0.308 | 0.372 | ||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 60.81 | 60.51 | 60.06 | 60.35 | 0.614 | 0.640 | ||
| 料重比F/G | 1.91a | 1.88ab | 1.84b | 1.87b | 0.021 | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.007 |
| 存活率SR/% | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 0.000 | 1.000 | ||
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values with different letter superscripts in the same row indicate significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts indicate no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表4 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | SF150 | SF300 | SF450 | |||
| 宰后45 min 45 min post-slaughter | ||||||
| pH | 5.80 | 5.78 | 5.84 | 5.72 | 0.053 | 0.486 |
| 亮度L* | 52.31 | 53.58 | 53.38 | 52.29 | 0.837 | 0.617 |
| 红度a* | 15.40 | 15.02 | 15.49 | 15.49 | 0.361 | 0.790 |
| 黄度b* | 11.82 | 12.24 | 13.57 | 11.73 | 0.642 | 0.120 |
| 宰后24 h 24 h post-slaughter | ||||||
| pH | 5.49d | 5.57c | 5.67b | 5.87a | 0.029 | 0.001 |
| 亮度L* | 54.94 | 55.36 | 55.52 | 54.14 | 0.664 | 0.505 |
| 红度a* | 13.23b | 13.79ab | 13.10b | 14.52a | 0.336 | 0.005 |
| 黄度b* | 13.22 | 13.83 | 14.73 | 13.15 | 0.532 | 0.131 |
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 3.32 | 3.17 | 2.88 | 3.12 | 0.162 | 0.284 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 36.20 | 31.61 | 21.40 | 33.80 | 4.677 | 0.079 |
2.3 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡血浆和肌肉生化指标的影响
表5 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡血浆和肌肉生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on biochemical parameters in plasma and muscle of yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照组Control | SF150 | SF300 | SF450 | |||
| 血浆Plasma | ||||||
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/L) | 1.72a | 1.79a | 1.59ab | 1.49b | 0.043 | 0.015 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/mL) | 3.02a | 2.91b | 2.78b | 3.18a | 0.052 | 0.018 |
| 胸肌Breast muscle/(U/mg prot) | ||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC | 0.14b | 0.16b | 0.25a | 0.26a | 0.021 | 0.001 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD | 81.55b | 85.72ab | 94.59a | 74.37b | 2.344 | 0.010 |

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