1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
1.3 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 55.62 | 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.52 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 32.00 | 粗蛋白质CP | 21.41 | |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 4.00 | 钙Ca | 1.00 | |
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 3.00 | 总磷TP | 0.65 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 赖氨酸Lys | 1.44 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.21 | 蛋氨酸Met | 0.55 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.29 | 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.88 | |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.37 | 苏氨酸Thr | 0.80 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.21 | 色氨酸Try | 0.24 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.00 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VB1 2 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB5 10 mg,VB6 3.5 mg,VB12 0.025 mg,VD 1 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 0.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 40 mg,生物素 biotin 0.015 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.60 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 80 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 100 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 60 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 10 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.50 mg。 | |
2)代谢能和氨基酸为计算值,参照NY/T 33—2004进行计算;粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值,分别参照GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018和GB/T 6437—2018测定。ME and amino acids were calculated according to NY/T 33—2004; CP, Ca and TP were determined according to GB/T 6432—2018, GB/T 6436—2018 and GB/T 6437—2018, respectively. |
1.4 胚蛋注射方法
1.5 检测指标
1.5.1 生长性能指标
1.5.2 血清生化指标
1.5.3 肠道形态
1.5.4 肠道菌群
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 胚蛋注射BSA对1~21日龄肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 胚蛋注射BSA对1~21日龄肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of embryonic egg injection of BSA on growth performance of broilers at 1 to 21 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | ||
| 初重IBW/g | 45.74±0.76 | 47.10±0.66 | 46.63±0.57 | 47.60±0.47 | 0.255 |
| 末重FBW/g | 519.06±7.64c | 530.54±7.30bc | 558.50±13.89ab | 587.20±15.53a | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 35.66±3.61 | 36.06±3.86 | 36.11±3.80 | 38.49±4.01 | 0.951 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 22.47±0.36c | 23.11±0.35bc | 24.47±0.65ab | 25.78±0.74a | <0.001 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.62±0.17 | 1.56±0.17 | 1.49±0.16 | 1.51±0.16 | 0.947 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 胚蛋注射BSA对1和21日龄肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表3 胚蛋注射BSA对1和21日龄肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of embryonic egg injection of BSA on serum biochemical indices of broilers at 1 and 21 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | ||
| 1日龄1 day of age | |||||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 16.45±0.42 | 18.61±0.33 | 19.29±1.54 | 19.32±1.79 | 0.353 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 8.29±0.52 | 9.09±0.05 | 8.57±0.09 | 8.50±0.51 | 0.502 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 1.67±0.33 | 1.67±0.33 | 2.33±0.33 | 2.00±0.00 | 0.363 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 4.16±0.22 | 4.82±0.25 | 4.52±0.28 | 4.18±0.16 | 0.262 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 4.28±0.12 | 4.02±0.36 | 3.85±0.07 | 3.72±0.25 | 0.412 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 10.42±0.18 | 12.45±0.64 | 10.80±0.90 | 12.20±0.37 | 0.098 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.70±0.07 | 0.65±0.05 | 0.71±0.03 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.677 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 9.56±0.18 | 10.31±0.56 | 10.16±0.93 | 9.87±0.34 | 0.800 |
| 21日龄21 days of age | |||||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 21.21±1.32b | 19.37±1.09b | 27.80±2.43a | 33.04±2.24a | 0.003 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 12.40±0.95b | 12.33±0.62b | 17.13±1.98a | 17.71±0.89a | 0.022 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 1.67±0.58c | 2.33±0.33c | 4.33±0.33b | 5.67±0.33a | <0.001 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 2.68±0.41 | 2.19±0.24 | 2.42±0.16 | 1.87±0.28 | 0.302 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 3.93±0.37 | 3.77±0.20 | 3.38±0.23 | 3.14±0.15 | 0.180 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 12.14±1.00 | 11.25±1.16 | 15.10±1.09 | 12.79±1.24 | 0.174 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.19±0.02 | 0.19±0.02 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.318 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 8.61±0.45b | 9.97±0.33a | 7.78±0.11bc | 7.19±0.57c | 0.006 |
2.3 胚蛋注射BSA对21日龄肉鸡肠道形态的影响
表4 胚蛋注射BSA对21日龄肉鸡肠道形态的影响Table 4 Effects of embryonic egg injection of BSA on intestinal morphology of broilers at 21 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | ||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | |||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 1 224.86±44.36ab | 1 165.99±67.65b | 1 256.00±17.94ab | 1 358.93±30.52a | 0.020 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 115.60±8.03 | 123.51±5.66 | 113.35±3.66 | 103.73±3.29 | 0.090 |
| 绒隐比VH/CD | 12.16±0.22b | 9.58±0.22c | 12.08±0.33b | 12.98±0.18a | 0.005 |
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 779.94±17.93c | 764.38±22.99c | 860.52±25.81b | 973.41±18.80a | <0.001 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 89.90±2.48 | 97.13±8.23 | 87.05±3.75 | 89.78±3.95 | 0.501 |
| 绒隐比VH/CD | 8.73±0.31b | 8.00±0.56b | 11.13±0.95a | 11.17±0.47a | <0.001 |
| 回肠Ileum | |||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 549.73±16.01bc | 483.76±30.57c | 581.89±17.99b | 705.41±47.27a | <0.001 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 68.61±4.63 | 81.29±3.28 | 85.12±6.80 | 84.27±8.96 | 0.410 |
| 绒隐比VH/CD | 7.97±0.84ab | 6.25±0.33b | 8.13±0.61ab | 9.11±0.76a | 0.013 |
2.4 胚蛋注射BSA对21日龄肉鸡盲肠菌群的影响
图3 门水平上相对丰度排在前4位的物种分布图Fig.3 Distribution maps of top 4 species in relative abundance at phylum level |
表5 门水平上相对丰度排在前4位的物种分析Table 5 Analysis of top 4 species in relative abundance at phylum level % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | ||
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 90.05±0.49a | 51.40±1.71c | 74.64±2.01b | 79.86±2.68b | <0.001 |
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 7.52±0.50c | 43.16±0.64a | 23.76±2.20b | 17.80±3.90b | <0.001 |
| 髌骨细菌门Patescibacteria | 1.70±0.15ab | 2.85±0.45a | 0.11±0.02c | 1.09±0.59bc | 0.006 |
| 放线菌门Actinobacteriota | 0.47±0.05 | 2.41±1.12 | 0.43±0.05 | 0.74±0.37 | 0.129 |
图4 属水平上相对丰度排在前28位的物种分布图Fig.4 Distribution maps of top 28 species in relative abundance at genus level |
表6 属水平上相对丰度排在前10位的物种分析Table 6 Analysis of top 10 species in relative abundance at genus level % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | ||||||||
| 普拉梭菌属Faecalibacterium | 5.09±1.29d | 9.20±0.84c | 20.27±0.72a | 15.81±1.04b | <0.001 | ||||||
| 另枝菌属Alistipes | 3.63±0.49c | 19.39±0.76a | 13.79±2.00b | 6.68±2.60c | 0.001 | ||||||
| 巴恩斯氏菌属Barnesiella | 3.11±0.21d | 21.09±1.28a | 6.90±0.34c | 10.20±1.44b | <0.001 | ||||||
| 克里斯滕森菌科R-7群 Christensenellaceae_R-7_group | 21.74±2.08a | 3.92±0.57c | 2.63±0.07c | 8.54±0.75b | <0.001 | ||||||
| 梭菌纲UCG-014未确定属 Clostridia_UCG-014_norank | 10.46±1.28a | 7.85±0.92ab | 5.16±0.44b | 5.55±0.65b | 0.010 | ||||||
| 毛螺菌科未分类属 Lachnospiraceae_unclassified | 10.81±0.94a | 4.50±0.35c | 7.39±0.84b | 5.33±0.79bc | 0.002 | ||||||
| 艾森伯格菌属Eisenbergiella | 8.03±0.79a | 2.35±0.73b | 2.17±0.17b | 4.58±1.24b | 0.003 | ||||||
| 罗姆布茨菌属Romboutsia | 2.38±0.03bc | 0.86±0.31c | 4.37±0.68ab | 6.47±1.89a | 0.021 | ||||||
| 毛螺梭菌属Lachnoclostridium | 3.51±0.45a | 0.80±0.20c | 2.42±0.28b | 2.62±0.19ab | 0.001 | ||||||
| 扭链瘤胃球菌群 Ruminococcus_torques_group | 2.44±0.19a | 2.37±0.08a | 1.21±0.08b | 1.95±0.19a | 0.001 | ||||||

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