1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 7~21日龄 7 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 30.00 | 25.00 |
| 玉米Corn | 59.40 | 64.31 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.50 | 2.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.30 | 1.25 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 4.00 | 5.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHOP4 | 1.60 | 1.50 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine | 0.20 | 0.15 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl | 0.25 | 0.06 |
| 色氨酸Tryptophan | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 微量元素预混料 Trace element premix2) | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| 防霉剂Fungicide | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.48 | 12.49 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 19.39 | 17.62 |
| 粗纤维CF | 2.13 | 3.50 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 5.29 | 4.95 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.25 | 6.68 |
| 钙Ca | 0.89 | 0.84 |
| 总磷TP | 0.66 | 0.65 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 2 500 IU,VE 20 mg,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB6 7 mg,VB12 0.3 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 20 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg。 2)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The trace element premix provided the following per kg of diets:Zn 110 mg,Fe 100 mg,Mn 100 mg,Cu 9 mg,I 0.6 mg,Se 0.16 mg。 3)代谢能为计算值,其他营养水平为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 各组饲粮铜含量Table 2 Copper contents in diets of each group mg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 7~21日龄 7 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | |
| 对照组Control group | 15.72 | 14.82 |
| 试验Ⅰ组Experimental group Ⅰ | 15.74 | 14.79 |
| 试验Ⅱ组Experimental group Ⅱ | 25.67 | 24.78 |
| 试验Ⅲ组Experimental group Ⅲ | 15.75 | 14.83 |
实测值 Measured values。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与测定
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 屠宰性能
1.4.4 血清脂质指标
1.4.5 肉品质
1.4.6 胸肌脂肪酸组成
1.5 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭生长性能的影响
表3 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of high copper-loaded Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance of meat ducks |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | ||||
7~21日龄 7 to 21 days of age | 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 94.50ab | 98.30a | 95.69a | 87.58b | 1.396 | 0.029 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 53.12 | 55.71 | 55.17 | 51.51 | 0.722 | 0.141 | |
| 料重比F/G | 1.78 | 1.76 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 0.019 | 0.514 | |
21~42日龄 21 to 42 days of age | 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 198.33 | 194.92 | 199.17 | 189.53 | 1.796 | 0.222 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 76.39 | 78.98 | 77.28 | 80.67 | 1.100 | 0.561 | |
| 料重比F/G | 2.61a | 2.47ab | 2.58a | 2.35b | 0.036 | 0.030 | |
7~42日龄 7 to 42 days of age | 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 156.80a | 156.27a | 157.78a | 148.75b | 1.273 | 0.030 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 67.08 | 69.67 | 68.44 | 69.01 | 0.774 | 0.711 | |
| 料重比F/G | 2.34a | 2.24ab | 2.30a | 2.15b | 0.026 | 0.047 | |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响
表4 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of high copper-loaded Lactobacillus plantarum on slaughter performance of meat ducks % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 屠宰率Dressed percentage | 81.71b | 83.40a | 84.42a | 82.95ab | 0.295 | 0.007 |
| 半净膛率Semi-eviscerated rate | 76.12b | 77.10b | 81.20a | 80.19a | 0.425 | <0.001 |
| 全净膛率Eviscerated rate | 69.17b | 69.40b | 73.65a | 72.29a | 0.416 | <0.001 |
| 胸肌率Breast muscle rate | 14.68 | 15.53 | 15.85 | 15.27 | 0.193 | 0.176 |
| 腿肌率Leg muscle rate | 13.37 | 12.28 | 12.90 | 12.34 | 0.219 | 0.255 |
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat rate | 0.74a | 0.63ab | 0.57b | 0.54b | 0.027 | 0.038 |
| 皮脂率Sebum rate | 12.76 | 12.57 | 13.44 | 13.27 | 0.302 | 0.745 |
2.3 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭血清脂质指标的影响
表5 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭血清脂质指标的影响Table 5 Effects of high copper-loaded Lactobacillus plantarum on serum lipid indices of meat ducksm mol/L |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 甘油三酯TC | 1.29 | 1.23 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 0.065 | 0.723 |
| 总胆固醇TG | 4.19a | 4.04a | 4.01a | 3.44b | 0.102 | 0.039 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C | 2.10a | 1.96a | 1.88a | 1.15b | 0.090 | <0.001 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C | 1.98a | 1.93ab | 1.76ab | 1.50b | 0.067 | 0.039 |
2.4 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭肉品质的影响
表6 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭肉品质的影响Table 6 Effects of high copper-loaded Lactobacillus plantarum on meat quality of meat ducks |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| pH | 5.90 | 6.01 | 5.93 | 6.08 | 0.026 | 0.080 |
| 亮度L* | 39.77a | 37.76ab | 36.16b | 37.57ab | 0.446 | 0.033 |
| 红度a* | 8.82b | 9.26b | 10.40a | 9.57ab | 0.190 | 0.021 |
| 黄度b* | 7.22 | 7.34 | 7.07 | 7.83 | 0.258 | 0.759 |
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 2.51a | 2.37a | 1.86b | 1.95b | 0.079 | 0.003 |
| 蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% | 34.36 | 37.09 | 35.92 | 37.02 | 0.743 | 0.546 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 17.24 | 15.71 | 16.56 | 16.23 | 0.223 | 0.092 |
2.5 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响
表7 高负载铜植物乳杆菌对肉鸭胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响Table 7 Effects of high copper-loaded Lactobacillus plantarum on breast muscle fatty acid composition of meat ducks % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 辛酸C8∶0 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.006 | 0.475 |
| 肉豆蔻酸C14∶0 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.006 | 0.959 |
| 棕榈酸C16∶0 | 9.18 | 9.28 | 9.34 | 9.20 | 0.111 | 0.951 |
| 硬脂酸C18∶0 | 13.44a | 12.44b | 12.27b | 12.43b | 0.143 | 0.028 |
| 山嵛酸C22∶0 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.013 | 0.355 |
| 木蜡酸C24∶0 | 2.39 | 2.39 | 2.21 | 2.37 | 0.060 | 0.680 |
| 棕榈油酸C16∶1 | 0.61b | 0.93a | 0.89a | 0.85a | 0.039 | 0.030 |
| 十七碳烯酸C17∶1 | 1.72a | 1.43bc | 1.29c | 1.62ab | 0.038 | 0.002 |
| 油酸C18∶1n9c | 11.36b | 12.81a | 13.50a | 12.91a | 0.250 | 0.033 |
| 11-二十碳烯酸C20∶1 | 0.46 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.009 | 0.774 |
| 芥酸C22∶1n9 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.009 | 0.165 |
| 亚油酸C18∶2n6c | 30.59b | 30.44b | 32.19a | 30.21b | 0.261 | 0.045 |
| γ-亚麻酸C18∶3n6 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.016 | 0.680 |
| α-亚麻酸C18∶3n3 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 1.17 | 0.93 | 0.048 | 0.236 |
| 二十碳二烯酸C20∶2 | 1.34 | 1.39 | 1.32 | 1.45 | 0.031 | 0.482 |
| 二高-γ-亚麻酸C20∶3n6 | 2.78a | 2.34b | 2.47b | 2.54ab | 0.050 | 0.029 |
| 花生四烯酸C20∶4n6 | 21.13 | 20.89 | 18.75 | 21.13 | 0.449 | 0.197 |
| 二十碳三烯酸C20∶3n3 | 0.31ab | 0.24c | 0.28bc | 0.34a | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| 二十碳五烯酸C20∶5n3 | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.018 | 0.159 |
| 二十二碳六烯酸C22∶6n3 | 1.20 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 1.24 | 0.040 | 0.512 |
| 饱和脂肪酸SFA | 25.67a | 24.75ab | 24.51ab | 24.00b | 0.156 | 0.048 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA | 14.43b | 15.98ab | 16.42a | 16.15a | 0.254 | 0.041 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA | 59.41 | 58.62 | 58.29 | 58.84 | 0.355 | 0.726 |

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