1 材料与方法
1.1 黄芪活性成分的筛选
1.2 黄芪活性成分的作用靶点
1.3 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的作用靶点
1.4 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激蛋白质网络的构建
1.5 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激核心靶基因的筛选
1.6 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激核心靶点功能富集分析
1.7 基于分子复合物检测(MCODE)的核心基因簇分析
1.8 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激靶向网络的构建
1.9 黄芪活性成分与缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激核心靶点分子对接验证
2 结果与分析
2.1 黄芪活性成分的筛选
表1 黄芪活性成分Table 1 Active components in Astragalus membranaceus |
| 编号 No. | TCMSP数据库编号 TCMSP database No. | 分子名称 Molecule names | 相对分子质量 Relative molecular mass | 口服生物利用度 Oral bioavailability | 药物相似性 Drug- likeness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MOL000211 | 白桦脂酸Mairin | 456.78 | 0.55 | 0.78 |
| 2 | MOL000239 | 华良姜素Jaranol | 314.31 | 0.51 | 0.29 |
| 3 | MOL000296 | 常春藤皂苷元Hederagenin | 414.79 | 0.37 | 0.75 |
| 4 | MOL000033 | (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-二甲基-17-[(2R,5S)-5-丙- 2-基辛烷-2-基]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17- 十二氢-1H-环戊二烯[a]菲-3-醇 (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R,5S)-5-propan- 2-yloctan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17- dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 428.82 | 0.36 | 0.78 |
| 5 | MOL000354 | 异鼠李素Isorhamnetin | 316.28 | 0.50 | 0.31 |
| 6 | MOL000371 | 3,9-二-O-甲基尼森香豌豆紫檀酚 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin | 314.36 | 0.54 | 0.48 |
| 7 | MOL000374 | 5'-羟基异微凸剑叶莎醇-2',5'-二-O-葡萄糖苷 5'-hydroxyiso-muronulatol-2',5'-di-O-glucoside | 642.67 | 0.42 | 0.69 |
| 8 | MOL000378 | 7-O-甲基异微凸剑叶莎醇 7-O-methylisomucronulatol | 316.38 | 0.75 | 0.30 |
| 9 | MOL000379 | 9,10-二甲氧基紫檀-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside | 462.49 | 0.37 | 0.92 |
| 10 | MOL000380 | (6aR,11aR)-9,10-二甲氧基-6a,11a-二氢-6H-苯并呋喃[3,2-c]色烷-3-醇 (6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxy-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofurano[3,2-c]chromen-3-ol | 300.33 | 0.64 | 0.42 |
| 11 | MOL000387 | 联苯双酯Bifendate | 418.38 | 0.31 | 0.67 |
| 12 | MOL000392 | 刺芒柄花素Formononetin | 268.28 | 0.70 | 0.21 |
| 13 | MOL000398 | 二氢异黄酮Isoflavanone | 316.33 | 1.10 | 0.30 |
| 14 | MOL000417 | 毛蕊异黄酮Calycosin | 284.28 | 0.48 | 0.24 |
| 15 | MOL000422 | 山奈酚Kaempferol | 286.25 | 0.42 | 0.24 |
| 16 | MOL000433 | 叶酸Folic acid | 441.45 | 0.69 | 0.71 |
| 17 | MOL000438 | (3R)-3-(2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯)色烷-7-醇 (3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol | 302.35 | 0.68 | 0.26 |
| 18 | MOL000439 | 异微凸剑叶莎醇-7,2'-二-O-葡萄糖苷Isomucronulatol-7,2'-di-O-glucosiole | 626.67 | 0.49 | 0.62 |
| 19 | MOL000442 | 1,7-二羟基-3,9-二甲氧基紫檀烯1,7-dihydroxy-3,9-dimethoxy pterocarpene | 314.31 | 0.39 | 0.48 |
| 20 | MOL000098 | 槲皮素Quercetin | 302.25 | 0.46 | 0.28 |
2.2 黄芪活性成分的作用靶点
图1 黄芪活性成分的作用靶点GAPDH:甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase;ALB:白蛋白 albumin;INS:胰岛素 insulin;TP53:肿瘤蛋白p53 tumor protein p53;STAT3:信号转导及转录激活因子3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3;ESR1:雌激素受体1 estrogen receptor 1;FASN:脂肪酸合酶 fatty acid synthase;CYCS:细胞色素C,体细胞 cytochrome C, somatic;PTGS2:前列腺素-内过氧化物合酶2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2;MDM2:MDM2原癌基因 MDM2 proto-oncogene。 Fig.1 Action targets of active components in Astragalus membranaceus 仅注释本研究筛选出的10个靶点名称,下图同。Only names of 10 targets screened out in this study were annotated, as shown in the following figures. |
2.3 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的作用靶点
图2 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的作用靶点整合A:黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的作用靶点数量 number of action targets by Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves;B:黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的作用靶点交集 intersection of action targets by Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves。 Fig.2 Integration of action targets by Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves |
2.4 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激蛋白质网络的构建
图3 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激PPI网络构建Fig.3 Construction of PPI network for Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves |
表2 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激核心靶点信息Table 2 Information of core targets by Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves |
| 序号No. | 基因Genes | 蛋白质标识Uniport ID | 名称Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GAPDH | P10096 | 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| 2 | ALB | P02769 | 白蛋白Albumin |
| 3 | INS | P01317 | 胰岛素Insulin |
| 4 | TP53 | P67939 | 肿瘤蛋白p53 Tumor protein p53 |
| 5 | STAT3 | P61635 | 信号转导及转录激活因子3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| 6 | ESR1 | P49884 | 雌激素受体1 Estrogen receptor 1 |
| 7 | FASN | F1N647 | 脂肪酸合酶Fatty acid synthase |
| 8 | CYCS | P62894 | 细胞色素C,体细胞Cytochrome C, somatic |
| 9 | PTGS2 | O62698 | 前列腺素-内过氧化物合酶2 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 |
| 10 | MDM2 | F1MYE6 | MDM2原癌基因MDM2 proto-oncogene |
2.5 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激核心靶点功能富集分析
图4 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激前30靶点节点度排序Fig.4 Node degree ranking of top 30 targets by Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves |
图5 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的作用途径A:GO富集分析 GO enrichment analysis;B:KEGG富集分析 KEGG enrichment analysis;C:ClueGo富集分析 ClueGo enrichment analysis;D:KEGG富集通路中的靶蛋白定位渲染 target protein localization rendering in KEGG enriched pathways。 Biological Process:生物过程;Cellular Component:细胞组分;Molecular Function:分子功能;cellular process:细胞过程;metabolic process:代谢过程;biological regulation:生物调节;regulation of biological process:生物过程调节;response to stimulus:刺激反应;multicellular organismal process:多细胞生物过程;positive regulation of biological process:生物过程的正向调节;signaling:信号;negative regulation of biological process:生物过程的负向调节;localization:定位;developmental process:发育过程;immune system process:免疫系统过程;biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms:涉及生物种间相互作用的生物过程;growth:生长;locomotion:运动;viral process:病毒过程;behavior:行为;biological adhesion:生物黏附;detoxification:解毒;multi-organism process:多生物过程;reproduction:繁殖;reproductive process:生殖过程;rhythmic process:节律过程;biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms:涉及生物种内相互作用的生物过程;pigmentation:色素沉着;cellular anatomical entity:细胞解剖实体;protein-containing complex:含蛋白质的复合体;binding:结合;catalytic activity:催化活性;molecular transducer activity:分子转导活性;transcription regulator activity:转录调节因子活性;molecular function regulator:分子功能调节因子;antioxidant activity:抗氧化活性;molecular adaptor activity:分子衔接子活性;transporter activity:转运蛋白活性;ATP-dependent activity:ATP依赖活性;Pyruvate metabolism:丙酮酸代谢;Citrate cycle (TCA cycle):三羧酸循环;HIF-1 signaling pathway:缺氧诱导因子-1信号通路;Endocrine resistance:内分泌抵抗;Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis:糖酵解/糖异生;Propanoate metabolism:丙酸代谢;Fatty acid biosynthesis:脂肪酸生物合成;Biosynthesis of amino acids:氨基酸生物合成;Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption:醛固酮调节的钠重吸收;FoxO signaling pathway:叉头框O信号通路;AMPK signaling pathway:单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶信号通路;p53 signaling pathway:p53信号通路;Carbon metabolism:碳代谢;Mitophagy-animal:动物线粒体自噬;Insulin signaling pathway:胰岛素信号通路;Apoptosis-multiple species:细胞凋亡-多物种;Adipocytokine signaling pathway:脂肪细胞因子信号通路;Thyroid hormone signaling pathway:甲状腺激素信号通路;Cell cycle:细胞周期;Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption:内分泌及其他因子调节的钙重吸收;PI3K-Akt signaling pathway:磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路;mTOR signaling pathway:哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路;C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway:C型凝集素受体信号通路;MAPK signaling pathway:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路;Rap1 signaling pathway:Rap1信号通路;Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells:调节干细胞多能性信号通路;Apoptosis:细胞凋亡;Ras signaling pathway:Ras信号通路;cGMP-PKG signaling pathway:环鸟苷酸-蛋白激酶G信号通路;Metabolic pathways:代谢通路;pyruvate metabolic process:丙酮酸代谢过程;hormone metabolic process:激素代谢过程;hydro-lyase activity:水解酶活性;cellular amine metabolic process:细胞胺代谢过程;Tryptophan metabolism:色氨酸代谢。图7同 The same as Fig.7。 Fig.5 Action pathways of Astragalus membranaceus in alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves |
2.6 基于MCODE的核心基因簇分析
表3 重点基因簇GO富集分析结果Table 3 Results of GO enrichment analysis of key gene clusters |
| 基因簇Gene clusters | GO条目GO terms | 描述Description | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0030520 | 细胞内雌激素受体信号通路Intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | 3.64E-05 | |
| MCODE1 | |||
| GO:0042593 | 葡萄糖稳态Glucose homeostasis | 5.18E-05 | |
| GO:0042127 | 细胞增殖调节Regulation of cell proliferation | 5.54E-05 | |
| GO:0043410 | 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶级联的正向调节 | 6.11E-05 | |
| Positive regulation of MAPK cascade | |||
| GO:0071466 | 细胞对异生物刺激的反应 | 3.89E-04 | |
| Cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus | |||
| GO:0010629 | 基因表达的负向调节 | 3.90E-04 | |
| Negative regulation of gene expression | |||
| GO:0033674 | 激酶活性的正向调节 | 5.09E-04 | |
| Positive regulation of kinase activity | |||
| GO:1902895 | RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子对初级微小miRNA转录的正向调节 | 6.16E-04 | |
| Positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from | |||
| RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter | |||
| GO:0004879 | RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录因子活性,配体激活的序列特异性DNA结合 | 8.78E-06 | |
| RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription factor activity, ligand- | |||
| activated sequence-specific DNA binding | |||
| GO:0005496 | 类固醇结合Steroid binding | 8.89E-05 | |
| GO:0042802 | 相同蛋白质结合Identical protein binding | 9.45E-05 | |
| GO:0005009 | 胰岛素激活的受体活性Insulin-activated receptor activity | 2.36E-03 | |
| GO:0030284 | 雌激素受体活性Estrogen receptor activity | 3.15E-03 | |
| GO:0034056 | 雌激素反应元件结合Estrogen response element binding | 3.15E-03 | |
| GO:0001228 | 转录激活剂活性,RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录调控区序列特异性结合 | 3.33E-03 | |
| Transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription | |||
| regulatory region sequence-specific binding | |||
| GO:0043559 | 胰岛素结合Insulin binding | 3.94E-03 | |
| GO:0061629 | RNA聚合酶Ⅱ序列特异性DNA结合转录因子结合 | 4.98E-03 | |
| RNA polymerase Ⅱ sequence-specific DNA | |||
| binding transcription factor binding | |||
| MCODE2 | GO:0004459 | L-乳酸脱氢酶活性L-lactate dehydrogenase activity | 1.11E-03 |
| MCODE3 | GO:0005615 | 细胞外空间Extracellular space | 8.90E-03 |
2.7 黄芪缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激靶向网络的构建
2.8 黄芪活性成分与缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的核心靶点分子对接验证
表4 黄芪活性成分与缓解犊牛热应激和断奶应激的核心靶点分子对接预测Table 4 Predicted molecular docking of active components in Astragalus membranaceus with core targets for alleviating heat stress and weaning stress in calves |
| 编号 No. | TCMSP数据库编号 TCMSP database No. | 配体 Ligands | 受体 Receptors | 结合自由能 Binding free energy/(kJ/mol) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MOL000211 | 白桦脂酸 | 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 | -9.90 |
| 2 | MOL000211 | 白桦脂酸 | MDM2原癌基因 | -7.20 |
| 3 | MOL000239 | 华良姜素 | 白蛋白 | -9.80 |
| 4 | MOL000239 | 华良姜素 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -10.20 |
| 5 | MOL000296 | 常春藤皂苷元 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -14.10 |
| 6 | MOL000371 | 3,9-二-O-甲基尼森香豌豆紫檀酚 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -9.80 |
| 7 | MOL000033 | (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13- 二甲基-17-[(2R,5S)-5-丙-2-基辛烷- 2-基]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17- 十二氢-1H-环戊二烯[a]菲-3-醇 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -12.80 |
| 8 | MOL000392 | 刺芒柄花素 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -9.40 |
| 9 | MOL000417 | 毛蕊异黄酮 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -10.00 |
| 10 | MOL000442 | 1,7-二羟基-3,9-二甲氧基紫檀烯 | 细胞色素C,体细胞 | -10.20 |
| 11 | MOL000296 | 常春藤皂苷元 | 胰岛素 | -10.50 |
| 12 | MOL000371 | 3,9-二-O-甲基尼森香豌豆紫檀酚 | 信号转导及转录激活因子3 | -9.80 |
| 13 | MOL000398 | 二氢异黄酮 | 肿瘤蛋白p53 | -7.50 |
| 14 | MOL000439 | 异微凸剑叶莎醇-7,2'- 二-O-葡萄糖苷 | 肿瘤蛋白p53 | -8.10 |
| 15 | MOL000098 | 槲皮素 | 肿瘤蛋白p53 | -7.10 |
| 16 | MOL000392 | 刺芒柄花素 | 雌激素受体1 | -8.70 |
| 17 | MOL000417 | 毛蕊异黄酮 | 雌激素受体1 | -8.50 |
| 18 | MOL000433 | 叶酸 | 前列腺素-内过氧化物合酶2 | -7.50 |

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