1 材料与方法
1.1 青贮试验材料
1.2 菌株的分离、筛选及鉴定
1.3 青贮试验设计
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 菌株生长繁殖能力测定
1.4.2 菌株产酸能力测定
1.4.3 营养成分含量及LAB数量测定
1.4.4 发酵品质测定
1.4.5 微生物群落多样性测定
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 自筛LAB的鉴定及生理生化分析
图1 自筛LAB的菌落形态图片从左到右依次为菌株L1、L2和L3。 Fig.1 Colony morphology of self-screened LAB The images from left to right are strains L1, L2, and L3. |
表1 自筛LAB的生理生化特性Table 1 Physiological and biochemical properties of self-screening LAB |
| 项目 Items | 菌株Strain | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | L2 | L3 | ||
| 形状Shape | 杆状 | 球状 | 球状 | |
| 革兰氏染色Gram staining | + | + | + | |
| 葡萄糖产气Gas production from glucose | + | - | - | |
| 过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity | - | - | - | |
| 发酵类型Fermentation type | 异型 | 同型 | 同型 | |
pH | 3.0 | - | w | - |
| 3.5 | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 4.0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 4.5 | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 6.0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 7.0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
+:阳性 positive;-:阴性 negative;w:弱生长 weak growth;++:生长良好 good growth。 |
2.2 柠条原料的营养成分
表2 柠条原料的营养成分和LAB数量Table 2 Nutritional composition and LAB count of Caragana korshinskii raw material |
| 项目 Item | 干物质 DM/% FM | 粗蛋白质 CP/% DM | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/% DM | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/% DM | 可溶性碳 水化合物 WSC/% DM | 乳酸菌数量 LAB count/ [log10 (CFU/g)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含量/数量 Content/count | 55.65±0.63 | 12.27±0.45 | 71.35±3.16 | 57.16±4.23 | 4.16±0.52 | 4.27±0.49 |
2.3 LAB添加剂对柠条青贮营养成分的影响
表3 LAB添加剂对柠条青贮营养成分的影响Table 3 Effects of ALB additives on nutrient composition of Caragana korshinskii silage |
| 项目 Items | 处理Treatments | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | L. brevis | P. acidilactici | P. pentosaceus | ||
| 干物质DM/% FM | 38.32±0.26 | 38.43±0.18 | 38.33±0.21 | 38.09±0.16 | 0.916 |
| 干物质体外消化率IVDMD/% | 19.62±1.12b | 18.98±1.26b | 22.18±1.05a | 19.75±0.97b | 0.018 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 10.90±0.09b | 10.69±0.07b | 11.70±0.04a | 10.17±0.09c | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% DM | 67.61±2.38a | 66.20±1.56ab | 64.46±1.32b | 67.54±3.16a | 0.010 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% DM | 56.58±1.23 | 55.50±2.09 | 56.65±1.68 | 57.09±3.64 | 0.292 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物WSC/% DM | 0.55±0.02b | 0.56±0.04b | 0.66±0.06a | 0.68±0.10a | 0.002 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.4 LAB添加剂对柠条青贮发酵品质的影响
表4 乳酸菌添加剂对柠条青贮发酵品质的影响Table 4 Effects of LAB additives on fermentation quality of Caragana korshinskii silage |
| 项目 Items | 处理Treatments | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | L. brevis | P. acidilactici | P. pentosaceus | ||
| pH | 3.86±0.07ab | 3.81±0.06b | 3.75±0.04b | 3.97±0.08a | 0.016 |
| 乳酸LA/(g/kg DM) | 16.38±0.42b | 17.13±0.84b | 23.37±1.37a | 13.12±0.26c | <0.001 |
| 乙酸AA/(g/kg DM) | 3.83±0.24a | 2.50±0.11c | 3.25±0.19b | 1.55±0.20d | <0.001 |
| 丙酸PA/(g/kg DM) | 3.25±0.31a | 2.28±0.29b | 2.53±0.30b | 2.27±0.24b | 0.016 |
| 丁酸BA/(g/kg DM) | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(g/kg DM) | ND | ND | ND | 0.30±0.25 | <0.001 |
ND表示未检测到。 | |
ND mean not detected. |
2.5 LAB添加剂对柠条青贮微生物群落多样性的影响
图5 柠条青贮的微生物群落α和β多样性分析A:柠条青贮微生物群落的α多样性;B:柠条青贮微生物群落的β多样性。CK:空白对照;L. brevis:添加短促生乳杆菌(Levilactobacillus brevis)处理;P. acidilactici:添加乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)处理;P. pentosaceus:添加戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)处理. 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下图同。 Fig.5 Analysis of microflora α and β diversity of Caragana korshinskii silage A: α diversity of Caragana korshinskii silage microflora; B: β diversity of Caragana korshinskii silage microflora. CK: blank control; L. brevis: treatment supplemented with Levilactobacillus brevis; P. acidilactici: treatment supplemented with Pediococcus acidilactici; P. pentosaceus: treatment supplemented with Pediococcus pentosaceus. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same as below. |

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