1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 6种粗饲料信息Table 1 Information of 6 kinds of roughages |
| 项目Items | 类型Type | 植物部位Plant part | 采集地Collection site |
|---|---|---|---|
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 牧草类 | 全株(茎和叶) | 山东 |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 牧草类 | 地上部分(含穗) | 山西 |
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 秸秆类 | 收获后秧蔓 | 河南 |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 秸秆类 | 收获后茎秆 | 山西 |
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 青贮类 | 全株(茎、叶和穗) | 山东 |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 青贮类 | 全株 | 山西 |
1.2 试验动物与饲粮
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 29.00 |
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 12.80 |
| 棉籽Cottonseed | 3.52 |
| 甜菜糖蜜Beetmolasses | 3.08 |
| 压片玉米Flaked corn | 18.36 |
| 玉米Corn | 5.84 |
| 膨化大豆Puffed soybeans | 1.44 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 12.72 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 1.48 |
| 啤酒糟Brewer’s grains | 4.96 |
| 玉米酒精糟及可溶物Corn DDGS | 2.52 |
| 脂肪酸钙皂Fatty acid calcium soap | 1.12 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.16 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.16 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 32.41 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 17.63 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 8.20 |
| 钙Ca | 0.95 |
| 磷P | 0.18 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diet: VA 1 350 IU,VD3 300 IU,VE 6 IU,VK3 300 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 3 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 6 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 2.5 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 5 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 6 mg,Mg (as magnesium sulfate) 25 mg。 | |
2)营养水平均为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 尼龙袋试验方法
1.4 常规营养成分测定
1.5 试验指标计算方法
1.5.1 瘤胃降解率的计算
1.5.2 瘤胃降解参数的计算
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同粗饲料常规营养成分含量
表3 不同粗饲料的常规营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 3 Conventional nutritional component in different roughages (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋 白质 CP | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗灰分 Ash | 钙 Ca | 磷 P | 淀粉 Starch | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牧草类Forage grasses | ||||||||||||||||||
| 苜蓿干草 Alfalfa hay | 91.13 ±2.24 | 18.00 ±1.93 | 45.87 ±6.70 | 39.25 ±4.83 | 1.51 ±0.58 | 10.65 ±1.68 | 1.45 ±0.54 | 0.29 ±0.06 | — | |||||||||
| 燕麦干草 Oat hay | 91.06 ±2.01 | 10.41 ±1.46 | 65.57 ±8.55 | 42.23 ±8.46 | 1.16 ±0.56 | 8.85 ±2.59 | 0.41 ±0.09 | 0.18 ±0.11 | — | |||||||||
| 秸秆类Crop straws | ||||||||||||||||||
| 花生秧 Peanut seedling | 89.43 ±0.26 | 8.78 ±1.49 | 50.56 ±6.32 | 46.99 ±1.58 | 3.48 ±1.57 | 16.98 ±0.06 | 2.29 ±0.11 | 0.14 ±0.03 | — | |||||||||
| 小麦秸 Wheat straw | 92.27 ±0.63 | 3.99 ±0.93 | 79.30 ±1.36 | 54.70 ±3.27 | 1.19 ±0.43 | 12.06 ±2.23 | 0.43 ±0.16 | 0.15 ±0.04 | — | |||||||||
| 青贮类Silages | ||||||||||||||||||
| 全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage | 32.67 ±1.68 | 7.80 ±0.39 | 47.15 ±2.84 | 28.28 ±2.27 | 2.76 ±0.74 | 4.68 ±0.52 | 0.36 ±0.05 | 0.21 ±0.03 | 29.81 ±1.36 | |||||||||
| 苜蓿青贮 Alfalfa silage | 42.91 ±5.55 | 16.83 ±4.91 | 39.30 ±4.02 | 34.32 ±4.93 | 2.06 ±0.59 | 13.43 ±0.88 | 1.36 ±0.41 | 0.29 ±0.05 | 3.13 ±0.25 | |||||||||
—:未进行检测。Not tested. |
2.2 不同粗饲料常规营养成分瘤胃降解率
2.2.1 DM瘤胃降解率
表4 不同粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率Table 4 Rumen degradation rates of DM in different roughages % |
| 项目 Items | 取样时间点Sampling time points/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 12 | 24 | 30 | 48 | 72 | |
| 牧草类Forage grasses | ||||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 50.73±10.64a | 59.83±10.13a | 66.09±9.24a | 69.14±7.95a | 70.69±7.51a | 71.53±7.25ab |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 41.44±6.22a | 58.20±11.56a | 66.09±3.47a | 72.02±7.07a | 74.25±7.04a | 78.86±6.40a |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | ||||||
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 42.87±8.75a | 56.15±3.62a | 65.25±7.44a | 67.23±5.59a | 68.13±4.82ab | 68.33±4.98ab |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 16.92±0.21b | 27.33±1.19b | 45.12±2.82b | 50.82±4.79b | 54.65±3.07b | 60.71±4.20b |
| 青贮类Silages | ||||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 53.86±3.12a | 61.44±6.45a | 69.47±4.16a | 74.26±3.71a | 78.41±2.99a | 81.32±3.17a |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 55.51±3.94a | 65.26±2.01a | 71.46±0.87a | 74.86±0.01a | 77.48±1.45a | 78.56±0.90a |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2.2 CP瘤胃降解率
表5 不同粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率Table 5 Rumen degradation rates of CP in different roughages % |
| 项目 Items | 取样时间点Sampling time points/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 12 | 24 | 30 | 48 | 72 | |
| 牧草类Forage grasses | ||||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 62.52±6.68a | 79.77±8.57a | 84.21±6.30a | 87.33±4.63a | 88.92±4.49a | 89.72±4.82a |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 54.19±17.36ab | 66.89±10.04ab | 78.35±3.15a | 80.23±5.44a | 82.89±2.96a | 85.08±5.88a |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | ||||||
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 34.69±19.16bc | 54.50±13.91b | 71.84±7.86a | 77.06±8.21a | 78.18±7.76a | 79.00±8.79a |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 20.37±9.51c | 24.61±9.39c | 34.25±11.34b | 38.76±12.87b | 40.03±13.57b | 41.95±13.08b |
| 青贮类Silages | ||||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 63.29±4.04a | 68.38±6.34ab | 74.18±2.08a | 80.09±3.03a | 82.56±2.19a | 83.76±2.65a |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 69.83±0.88a | 79.68±2.71a | 85.26±1.85a | 87.22±0.53a | 90.15±2.02a | 90.73±1.40a |
2.2.3 NDF瘤胃降解率
表6 不同粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率Table 6 Rumen degradation rates of NDF in different roughages % |
| 项目 Items | 取样时间点Sampling time points/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 12 | 24 | 30 | 48 | 72 | |
| 牧草类Forage grasses | ||||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 5.12±4.41 | 15.56±5.94b | 28.91±4.97b | 34.97±2.58c | 38.79±3.43c | 40.16±2.64d |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 8.19±5.12 | 35.43±11.36a | 46.91±2.21a | 60.46±6.03a | 63.03±5.83a | 69.33±9.08a |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | ||||||
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 10.94±0.99 | 28.70±4.35ab | 39.10±3.23ab | 43.28±0.82bc | 45.70±0.01bc | 46.65±0.34cd |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 4.71±2.91 | 16.04±0.59b | 35.06±4.42ab | 43.15±4.93bc | 48.41±2.14bc | 54.46±5.09bc |
| 青贮类Silages | ||||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 16.41±7.46 | 23.56±6.68ab | 41.39±7.25ab | 51.10±6.80ab | 58.49±3.09a | 63.67±4.37ab |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 10.72±2.63 | 22.13±5.35ab | 35.26±5.64ab | 42.70±6.77bc | 46.44±4.94bc | 47.83±6.18cd |
2.2.4 ADF瘤胃降解率
表7 不同粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率Table 7 Rumen degradation rates of ADF in different roughages % |
| 项目Items | 取样时间点Sampling time points/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 12 | 24 | 30 | 48 | 72 | |
| 牧草类Forage grasses | ||||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 25.62±9.62a | 33.12±15.81ab | 47.14±11.70a | 49.75±10.16 | 53.16±11.09 | 55.55±10.86ab |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | ||||||
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 5.02±2.60b | 13.34±0.23b | 25.21±0.18b | 34.68±0.18 | 40.97±0.79 | 45.17±2.63b |
| 青贮类Silages | ||||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 17.04±3.90a | 35.09±11.30a | 39.33±11.57ab | 48.83±10.51 | 50.92±10.14 | 63.63±9.59a |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 15.44±0.20a | 18.85±1.70ab | 32.42±5.10ab | 38.54±4.37 | 44.21±2.88 | 46.69±2.22b |
2.3 不同粗饲料常规营养成分瘤胃降解参数
2.3.1 DM瘤胃降解参数
表8 不同粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解参数Table 8 Rumen degradation parameters of DM in different roughages |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在可降解部分 a+b/% | 瘤胃有效 降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牧草类Forage grasses | |||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 43.08±12.41a | 28.72±4.95c | 0.08±0.02 | 71.80±7.71abc | 64.46±9.49a |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 31.62±4.87a | 46.35±0.90ab | 0.06±0.00 | 77.96±3.97ab | 64.92±4.85a |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | |||||
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 30.18±7.99a | 38.49±4.00bc | 0.10±0.01 | 68.67±3.99bc | 60.83±4.25a |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 6.14±2.32b | 56.25±6.75a | 0.05±0.00 | 62.39±4.43c | 42.79±2.25b |
| 青贮类Silages | |||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 47.10±5.05a | 37.21±2.93bc | 0.05±0.03 | 84.31±3.52a | 70.09±3.03a |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 48.89±6.02a | 30.08±4.66c | 0.06±0.01 | 78.97±1.36ab | 70.39±1.67a |
2.3.2 CP瘤胃降解参数
表9 不同粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解参数Table 9 Rumen degradation parameters of CP in different roughages |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在可降解部分 a+b/% | 瘤胃有效 降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牧草类Forage grasses | |||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 41.00±10.23ab | 47.99±11.82ab | 0.14±0.07 | 88.99±3.74a | 81.33±5.16ab |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 43.00±18.00ab | 41.64±14.23ab | 0.07±0.02 | 85.24±3.78a | 74.32±5.60ab |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | |||||
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 16.62±17.00b | 63.52±11.49a | 0.08±0.00 | 80.14±5.51a | 65.27±7.85b |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 14.09±10.64b | 29.19±9.88b | 0.05±0.00 | 43.28±17.17b | 33.40±14.10c |
| 青贮类Silages | |||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 58.21±5.75a | 27.91±6.87b | 0.04±0.01 | 86.12±3.04a | 75.58±2.57ab |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 62.86±1.52a | 27.93±3.20b | 0.07±0.02 | 90.79±1.80a | 83.61±1.02a |
2.3.3 NDF瘤胃降解参数
表10 不同粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解参数Table 10 Rumen degradation parameters of NDF in different roughages |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在可降解部分 a+b/% | 瘤胃有效 降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牧草类Forage grasses | |||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 1.04±2.54b | 43.32±3.37c | 0.04±0.01 | 44.36±2.24c | 28.05±2.93c |
| 燕麦干草Oat hay | 0.00±0.00c | 70.84±3.95a | 0.05±0.00 | 70.84±3.95a | 47.76±4.10a |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | |||||
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 0.00±0.00c | 47.19±0.33bc | 0.08±0.00 | 47.19±0.33c | 35.45±0.14bc |
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 0.00±0.00c | 61.00±6.08ab | 0.03±0.00 | 61.00±6.08ab | 35.09±2.66bc |
| 青贮类Silages | |||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 6.06±10.30a | 65.96±7.95a | 0.03±0.01 | 72.02±5.10a | 43.41±4.90ab |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 1.21±2.06b | 49.57±7.00bc | 0.05±0.02 | 50.78±6.66bc | 34.38±3.96bc |
2.3.4 ADF瘤胃降解参数
表11 不同粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解参数Table 11 Rumen degradation parameters of ADF in different roughages |
| 项目 Items | 快速降解部分 a/% | 慢速降解部分 b/% | 慢速降解部分的 降解速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在可降解部分 a+b/% | 瘤胃有效 降解率 ED/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牧草类Forage grasses | |||||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 16.46±9.55a | 40.26±0.43c | 0.06±0.01 | 56.73±9.36ab | 44.03±11.30a |
| 秸秆类Crop straws | |||||
| 小麦秸Wheat straw | 0.00±0.00b | 52.89±5.26ab | 0.03±0.00 | 52.89±5.26b | 28.63±0.70b |
| 青贮类Silages | |||||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 5.84±5.84ab | 60.60±9.41a | 0.05±0.03 | 66.44±3.57a | 43.87±9.59a |
| 苜蓿青贮Alfalfa silage | 7.45±1.89ab | 45.63±4.24bc | 0.04±0.01 | 53.08±5.54b | 33.31±1.89ab |

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