1 RETN的发现与分子结构特征
图1 RETN的结构A:RETN蛋白结构;B:不同物种RETN编码区氨基酸多重序列比对,其中黑色阴影表示氨基酸一致性为100%,灰色阴影表示氨基酸一致性≥75%;C:不同物种RETN蛋白3级结构(NCBI序列登录号:人,AAG59824.1;小鼠,AAG59823.1;小体鲟,MT010809)。 Fig.1 Structures of RETN[31] A: structure of the RETN protein; B: multiple sequence alignment of RETN coding region amino acids across different species, where black shading indicates 100% amino acid identity, gray shading indicates ≥75% amino acid identity; C: tertiary structure of RETN protein in different species (NCBI sequence accession numbers: Homo sapiens, AAG59824.1; Mus musculus, AAG59823.1; Acipenser ruthenus, MT010809). |
2 RETN组织分布的物种特异性
3 营养与健康状态对RETN表达的影响
4 RETN的中枢摄食调控作用及机制
5 RETN的外周糖、脂代谢调控作用及机制
图2 RETN调控机体能量平衡的整合网络机制Fasting:禁食;Feeding:摄食;Resistin:抵抗素;liver:肝脏;p-AMPK:磷酸化单磷酸腺苷活化的蛋白激酶 phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase;G6Pase:葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶 glucose-6-phosphatase;glucose:葡萄糖;Insulin:胰岛素;βTC-6 cell:βTC-6细胞;IR:胰岛素受体 insulin receptor;p-PKB/p-AKT:磷酸化蛋白激酶B phosphorylated protein kinase B;SOCS3:细胞因子信号抑制物3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3;skeletal muscle & adipose tissue:骨骼肌和脂肪组织;AKT:蛋白激酶B protein kinase B;p-IRS1:磷酸化胰岛素受体底物1 phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1;p-IRS2:磷酸化胰岛素受体底物2 phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 2;HSL:激素敏感性脂肪酶 hormone-sensitive lipase;Triglyceride decomposition:甘油三酯分解;fatty acid intake:脂肪酸摄入;p-ACC:磷酸化乙酰辅A羧化酶 phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase;fatty acid oxidation:脂肪酸氧化;lipid accumulation:脂质积累;hypothalamus:下丘脑;ARC:弓状核 arcuate nucleus;FAS:脂肪酸合酶 fatty acid synthase;lipid synthesis:脂质合成;TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;inflammatory cytokines:炎性细胞因子;IL-1:白细胞介素-1 interleukin-1;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α tumor necrosis factor-α;CART:可卡因-安非他明调节转录肽 cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript;POMC:阿黑皮素原 proopiomelanocortin;AGRP:刺鼠相关蛋白 agouti-related protein;NPY:神经肽Y neuropeptide Y;α-MSH:α-黑色素细胞刺激素 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone;Appetite:食欲。 Fig.2 Integrative network mechanisms of RETN in regulating systemic energy homeostasis |

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