1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米 Corn | 33.00 |
| 全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage | 22.00 |
| 苜蓿干草 Alfalfa hay | 14.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 12.00 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 6.00 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 6.00 |
| 麦麸 Wheat bran | 4.00 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.20 |
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.90 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.60 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.30 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 干物质(风干基础) DM (air-dry basis) | 89.20 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 17.23 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 3.14 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 25.60 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 16.14 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.83 |
| 磷 P | 0.42 |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.52 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 5 000 IU,VD 2 000 IU,VE 50 IU,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 100 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 8.5 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 65 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.25 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.5 mg,Co 0.30 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 40 mg。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 饲粮营养水平
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 瘤胃发酵参数
1.4.4 复胃微生物区系
1.4.5 胃肠道菌群整合分析
1.5 数据处理及统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 韭菜籽黄酮对湖羊生长性能的影响
表2 韭菜籽黄酮对湖羊生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of Chinese chive seed flavonoids on growth performance of Hu sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重 IBW/kg | 26.14±0.92 | 26.98±1.16 | 0.239 |
| 终末体重 FBW/kg | 43.34±2.40 | 45.96±3.15 | 0.177 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(kg/d) | 0.23±0.03 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.206 |
| 干物质采食量 DMI/(kg/d) | 1.48±0.08 | 1.58±0.06 | 0.038 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight/kg | 21.64±2.15 | 23.86±1.99 | 0.129 |
| 料重比 F/G | 6.47±0.44 | 6.35±1.04 | 0.824 |
2.2 韭菜籽黄酮对湖羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表3 韭菜籽黄酮对湖羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 3 Effects of Chinese chive seed flavonoids on rumen fermentation parameters of Hu sheepmmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酸 Acetic acid | 21.93±0.06 | 22.36±0.42 | 0.054 |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid | 8.36±0.03 | 8.45±0.02 | <0.001 |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid | 2.55±0.11 | 2.82±0.15 | 0.013 |
| 异戊酸 Isovaleric acid | 0.97±0.02 | 1.09±0.02 | <0.001 |
| 戊酸 Valeric acid | 0.28±0.02 | 0.35±0.01 | <0.001 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 34.09±0.13 | 35.07±0.45 | 0.012 |
2.3 韭菜籽黄酮对湖羊复胃菌群的影响及胃肠道菌群演替整合分析
2.3.1 OTU聚类分析
2.3.2 α多样性分析
表4 韭菜籽黄酮对湖羊复胃菌群α多样性的影响Table 4 Effects of Chinese chive seed flavonoids on α diversity of compound stomach microbiota of Hu sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Experimental group | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
瘤胃 Rumen | ACE指数 ACE index | 2 485.42±112.35 | 2 532.18±98.41 | 0.762 |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 2 498.76±125.41 | 2 545.83±106.75 | 0.030 | |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.99±0.01 | 1.00±0.04 | 0.100 | |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 9.46±0.07 | 9.63±0.55 | 0.439 | |
网胃 Reticulum | ACE指数 ACE index | 2 470.18±85.08 | 2 445.94±92.11 | 0.269 |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 2 485.40±88.08 | 2 460.94±95.11 | 0.263 | |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.98±0.02 | 0.98±0.02 | 0.722 | |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 9.39±0.02 | 9.63±0.04 | <0.001 | |
瓣胃 Omasum | ACE指数 ACE index | 1 815.25±50.76 | 2 080.53±150.15 | 0.004 |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 1 833.25±56.76 | 2 107.53±165.15 | 0.005 | |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.99±0.01 | 0.99±0.01 | 0.561 | |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 9.33±0.13 | 9.16±0.13 | 0.030 | |
皱胃 Abomasum | ACE指数 ACE index | 2 310.38±140.76 | 2 435.28±160.55 | 0.968 |
| Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 2 335.38±152.76 | 2 463.28±167.55 | 0.402 | |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.98±0.02 | 0.98±0.02 | 0.722 | |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 9.29±0.07 | 9.42±0.06 | 0.013 |
2.3.3 β多样性分析
2.3.4 胃肠道菌群在门水平上的组成
图3 湖羊胃肠道菌群在门水平上的组成复胃各胃室数据为本研究实测,肠道节段(十二指肠至直肠)数据引自本课题组前期研究结果[20],所有数据在统一流程下重新分析。S:十二指肠;K:空肠;H:回肠;M:盲肠;J:结肠;ZC:直肠。下图同。 Bacillota:芽孢杆菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Actinomycetota:放线菌门;Fibrobacterota:纤维杆菌门;Spirochaetota:螺旋体门;Pseudomonadota:假单胞菌门;Planctomycetota:浮霉菌门;Cyanobacteriota:蓝细菌门;Mycoplasmatota:软壁菌门;Lentisphaerota:黏胶球形菌门;Thermodesulfobacteriota:热脱硫杆菌门;Bdellovibrionota:蛭弧菌门;Deinococcota:奇异球菌门;Chloroflexota:绿弯菌门;Acidobacteriota:酸杆菌门;Myxococcota:黏细菌门;Nitrospirota:硝化螺旋菌门;Campylobacterota:弯曲杆菌门。图5同 the same as Fig.5。 Fig.3 Composition of gastrointestinal microbiota at phylum level of Hu sheep Data of each compartment of compound stomach were measured in this study, and data of intestinal segments (duodenum to rectum) were cited from previous research results of our research group[20]; all data were re-analyzed using a unified pipeline. S: duodenum; K: jejunum; H: ileum; M: cecum; J: colon; ZC: rectum. The same as below. |
2.3.5 胃肠道菌群在属水平上的组成
图4 湖羊胃肠道菌群在属水平上的组成Hoylesella:霍伊氏菌属;Prevotella:普雷沃氏菌属;Blautia:布劳特氏菌属;Paenibacillus:类芽孢杆菌属;Clostridium:梭菌属;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Niallia:尼尔菌属;Bacillus:芽孢杆菌属;Mageeibacillus:玛吉杆菌属;Ercella:艾氏菌属;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Lucifera:卢西菲拉菌属;Tepidibacter:温暖杆菌属;Geobacillus:地芽孢杆菌属;Fibrobacter:纤维杆菌属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Solobacterium:独居杆菌属;Streptomyces:链霉菌属;Myceligenerans:生菌丝菌属;Kandleria:坎德拉菌属;Riemerella:里默氏菌属;Phocaeicola:居海事城球杆菌属;Enterococcus:肠球菌属;Streptococcus:链球菌属;Shouchella:舒氏菌属;Sphingobacterium:鞘氨醇杆菌属;Treponema:密螺旋体属;Tannerella:坦纳氏菌属。图5同 the same as Fig.5。 Fig.4 Composition of gastrointestinal microbiota at genus level of Hu sheep |
2.3.6 差异菌群LEfSe分析
图5 湖羊胃肠道差异菌群LEfSe分析LEfSe analysis:LEfSe分析;The current LDA threshold is 4:当前LDA阈值为4;Taxa:分类群;LDA Score:LDA得分。 Actinomycetes:放线菌纲;Bacilli:芽孢杆菌纲;Clostridia:梭菌纲;Negativicutes:负球菌纲;Bacteroidia:拟杆菌纲;Sphingobacteriia:鞘氨醇杆菌纲;Fibrobacteria:纤维杆菌纲;Spirochaetia:螺旋体纲;Erysipelotrichia:丹毒丝菌纲;Flavobacteriia:黄杆菌纲;Alphaproteobacteria:α-变形菌纲;Bacillales:芽孢杆菌目;Lactobacillales:乳杆菌目;Eubacteriales:真细菌目;Veillonellales:韦荣氏球菌目;Bacteroidales:拟杆菌目;Sphingobacteriales:鞘氨醇杆菌目;Fibrobacterales:纤维杆菌目;Spirochaetales:螺旋体目;Bifidobacteriales:双歧杆菌目;Kitasatosporales:北里孢菌目;Micrococcales:微球菌目;Mycobacteriales:分枝杆菌目;Erysipelotrichales:丹毒丝菌目;Flavobacteriales:黄杆菌目;Bacillaceae:芽孢杆菌科;Paenibacillaceae:类芽孢杆菌科;Lactobacillaceae:乳杆菌科;Clostridiaceae:梭菌科;Lachnospiraceae:毛螺菌科;Oscillospiraceae:颤螺菌科;Veillonellaceae:韦荣氏球菌科;Bacteroidaceae:拟杆菌科;Porphyromonadaceae:紫单胞菌科;Prevotellaceae:普雷沃氏菌科;Tannerellaceae:坦纳氏菌科;Sphingobacteriaceae:鞘氨醇杆菌科;Fibrobacteraceae:纤维杆菌科;Treponemataceae:密螺旋体科;Bifidobacteriaceae:双歧杆菌科;Streptomycetaceae:链霉菌科;Promicromonosporaceae:原小单孢菌科;Streptococcaceae:链球菌科;Peptostreptococcaceae:消化链球菌科;Coprobacillaceae:粪杆菌科;Erysipelotrichaceae:丹毒丝菌科;Weeksellaceae:威克斯氏菌科;Lysinibacillus:赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属。 Fig.5 LEfSe analysis of differential microbiota in gastrointestinal tract of Hu sheep |

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