1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 15.00 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 15.50 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 15.00 | |
| 乳清粉 Whey powder | 3.00 | |
| 花生秧粉 Peanut vine powder | 8.00 | |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 3.00 | |
| 花生壳 Peanut hull | 20.00 | |
| 稻壳 Rice husk | 4.00 | |
| 辣椒杆粉 Chilli stick powder | 12.00 | |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 1.00 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.00 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.50 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.50 | |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl (98.5%) | 0.35 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.15 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.06 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.28 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 3.85 | |
| 粗纤维 CF | 15.77 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 38.59 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 22.78 | |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL | 5.67 | |
| 钙 Ca | 1.15 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.69 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.83 | |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.58 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Co 0.15 mg,Fe 70 mg,Mn 10 mg,Se 0.25 mg,Zn 70 mg,I 0.2 mg,Cu 20 mg,VB1 2 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB3 50 mg,VB5 50 mg,VB6 2 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,VA 10 000 IU,VD 900 IU,VK 2 mg,VE 50 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 000 mg。 2)消化能和氨基酸为参照NY/T 4049—2021所得计算值,其他为实测值。DE and amino acids were calculated values based on NY/T 4049—2021, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 检测指标及方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 养分表观消化率
某养分表观消化率(%)=[(摄入该养分总量-粪中该养分总量)/摄入该养分总量]×100。
1.3.3 肠道消化酶活性
1.3.4 盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量
1.3.5 消化道pH
1.3.6 肠道形态
1.3.7 肠道分泌性免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 XOS对断奶肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 XOS对断奶肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of XOS on growth performance of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 997.33±81.11 | 988.73±133.79 | 988.20±150.40 | 981.22±89.46 | 0.993 |
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 1 938.78±122.89 | 1 954.89±57.00 | 1 976.32±118.49 | 1 961.11±65.62 | 0.876 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 33.62±3.84 | 34.50±4.29 | 35.29±2.99 | 34.99±2.62 | 0.772 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 104.41±10.30 | 106.20±8.36 | 99.92±11.27 | 107.30±4.44 | 0.358 |
| 料重比 F/G | 3.11±0.23a | 3.00±0.19a | 2.83±0.26b | 3.07±0.18a | 0.046 |
| 腹泻频率 Diarrhea rate/% | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.890 |
| 死亡率 Mortality rate/% | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.890 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values within the same row with different lowercase superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while those with the same letter or no letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 XOS对断奶肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表3 XOS对断奶肉兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of XOS on nutrient apparent digestibility of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 干物质 DM | 54.49±2.53 | 53.17±2.38 | 55.42±2.45 | 54.45±2.28 | 0.435 |
| 总能 GE | 56.74±1.32 | 56.21±1.78 | 57.71±2.85 | 57.92±2.79 | 0.178 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 69.76±1.65b | 69.38±1.65b | 71.73±2.17a | 70.91±1.36a | 0.044 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 90.67±0.81 | 92.85±1.29 | 92.80±2.41 | 93.05±1.30 | 0.055 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 25.93±2.17 | 26.72±2.07 | 27.67±2.09 | 28.60±2.38 | 0.059 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 34.70±1.27 | 34.10±2.23 | 36.04±0.84 | 35.71±1.45 | 0.226 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 24.42±1.84b | 23.79±1.13b | 25.48±1.55ab | 26.71±1.47a | 0.004 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素 ADL | 8.39±0.13 | 8.17±0.12 | 8.50±0.12 | 8.36±0.16 | 0.435 |
| 钙 Ca | 51.11±1.09 | 51.39±1.80 | 51.28±1.81 | 51.36±1.19 | 0.982 |
| 总磷 TP | 19.74±1.15b | 23.47±0.98a | 23.58±0.93a | 23.96±0.98a | 0.001 |
2.3 XOS对断奶肉兔肠道消化酶活性的影响
表4 XOS对断奶肉兔肠道消化酶活性的影响Table 4 Effects of XOS on intestinal digestive enzyme activities of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||||
| α-淀粉酶α-amylase/(U/μg) | 0.93±0.03c | 0.99±0.03bc | 1.04±0.02b | 1.18±0.04a | <0.001 |
| 脂肪酶Lipase/(U/mg) | 1.59±0.08b | 1.61±0.08b | 1.63±0.11b | 2.08±0.06a | 0.001 |
| 胰蛋白酶Trypsin/(U/mg) | 0.54±0.03b | 0.57±0.05b | 0.61±0.02b | 0.89±0.02a | <0.001 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||||
| α-淀粉酶α-amylase/(U/μg) | 0.90±0.01c | 0.91±0.03bc | 1.15±0.03a | 0.99±0.04b | <0.001 |
| 脂肪酶Lipase/(U/mg) | 1.49±0.05b | 1.56±0.05b | 1.82±0.08a | 1.83±0.06a | 0.001 |
| 胰蛋白酶Trypsin/(U/mg) | 0.44±0.03 | 0.45±0.04 | 0.56±0.06 | 0.56±0.03 | 0.138 |
| 盲肠 Cecum | |||||
| 纤维素酶Cellulase/(U/μg) | 1.03±0.07b | 1.06±0.04b | 1.13±0.03ab | 1.28±0.06a | 0.031 |
2.4 XOS对断奶肉兔盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响
表5 XOS对断奶肉兔盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响Table 5 Effects of XOS on cecal volatile fatty acid contents of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 乙酸 Acetic acid | 8.29±1.30 | 9.03±0.97 | 8.76±1.72 | 9.16±1.92 | 0.684 |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid | 1.63±0.13 | 1.67±0.16 | 1.71±0.19 | 1.74±0.11 | 0.540 |
| 异丁酸 Isobutyric acid | 0.09±0.03 | 0.11±0.03 | 0.13±0.03 | 0.10±0.02 | 0.085 |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid | 1.57±0.56 | 1.53±0.23 | 1.46±0.22 | 1.62±0.44 | 0.828 |
| 异戊酸 Isovaleric acid | 0.12±0.03 | 0.14±0.05 | 0.16±0.04 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.123 |
| 戊酸 Valeric acid | 0.27±0.04 | 0.35±0.08 | 0.37±0.09 | 0.28±0.07 | 0.097 |
2.5 XOS对断奶肉兔消化道pH的影响
表6 XOS对断奶肉兔消化道pH的影响Table 6 Effects of XOS on digestive tract pH of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 胃 Stomach | 1.63±0.10b | 1.79±0.08a | 1.88±0.09a | 1.90±0.11a | <0.001 |
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 6.95±0.55 | 6.82±0.35 | 7.10±0.30 | 7.12±0.16 | 0.430 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 7.25±0.07 | 7.22±0.21 | 7.27±0.12 | 7.20±0.13 | 0.737 |
| 回肠 Ileum | 7.57±0.19 | 7.52±0.27 | 7.61±0.19 | 7.65±0.23 | 0.709 |
| 盲肠 Cecum | 7.08±0.16a | 6.82±0.08b | 6.82±0.12b | 6.82±0.11b | 0.005 |
2.6 XOS对断奶肉兔肠道形态的影响
表7 XOS对断奶肉兔肠道形态的影响Table 7 Effects of XOS on intestinal morphology of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 949.01±28.43 | 1 006.91±17.48 | 1 071.33±47.41 | 1 001.34±16.70 | 0.151 |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 117.79±5.39ab | 110.13±4.24ab | 104.86±6.91b | 121.95±1.16a | 0.015 |
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 9.29±0.18 | 8.96±0.18 | 10.24±0.57 | 9.28±0.21 | 0.146 |
| 肠壁厚度 MT/μm | 115.46±1.78b | 130.69±0.82a | 129.60±4.88a | 132.07±2.71a | 0.002 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 769.29±13.52b | 831.42±4.16a | 859.08±15.23a | 823.73±8.21a | 0.001 |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 124.75±2.37b | 127.12±1.47b | 117.51±1.81c | 159.50±1.65a | 0.001 |
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 5.33±0.12c | 6.51±0.11b | 7.82±0.12a | 6.07±0.10b | <0.001 |
| 肠壁厚度 MT/μm | 113.26±3.70b | 118.86±0.97a | 121.35±2.31a | 113.14±2.31b | <0.001 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 VH/μm | 568.68±1.28b | 626.77±9.46a | 634.26±15.84a | 609.44±16.94ab | 0.001 |
| 隐窝深度 CD/μm | 118.43±1.78a | 103.48±2.22ab | 91.20±3.68b | 105.42±4.41ab | 0.001 |
| 绒隐比 VH/CD | 5.13±0.21b | 6.44±0.21a | 7.39±0.25a | 6.42±0.27a | <0.001 |
| 肠壁厚度 MT/μm | 107.78±2.39b | 120.04±3.30b | 117.23±4.91b | 147.15±4.93a | 0.001 |
2.7 XOS对断奶肉兔肠道sIgA含量的影响
表8 XOS对断奶肉兔肠道sIgA含量的影响Table 8 Effects of XOS on intestinal sIgA content of weaned meat rabbitsn |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 空肠 Jejunum | 3.57±0.11b | 4.07±0.18b | 3.88±0.14b | 4.82±0.33a | 0.004 |
| 回肠 Ileum | 3.94±0.06b | 4.05±0.18ab | 5.01±0.20a | 4.66±0.08ab | <0.001 |
| 盲肠 Cecum | 4.09±0.08 | 4.10±0.19 | 4.09±0.07 | 4.10±0.15 | 1.000 |

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