1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮与饲养管理
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | LP | LP-Met | LP +Met1 | LP +Met2 | LP +Met3 | ||||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 46.100 | 46.400 | 46.400 | 46.400 | 46.400 | 46.400 | |||||||
| 小麦Wheat | 20.000 | 23.500 | 23.500 | 23.500 | 23.500 | 23.500 | |||||||
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 11.000 | 11.000 | 11.000 | 11.000 | 11.000 | 11.000 | |||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 8.150 | 1.450 | 1.450 | 1.450 | 1.450 | 1.450 | |||||||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | |||||||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 8.000 | 8.000 | 8.000 | 8.000 | 8.000 | 8.000 | |||||||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.499 | 0.290 | 0.314 | 0.258 | 0.226 | 0.194 | |||||||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.266 | 0.494 | 0.494 | 0.494 | 0.494 | 0.494 | |||||||
| L-蛋氨酸L-Met | 0.084 | 0.120 | 0.047 | 0.220 | 0.320 | 0.420 | |||||||
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.069 | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.182 | |||||||
| L-色氨酸L-Trp | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | ||||||||
| L-异亮氨酸L-Ile | 0.072 | 0.195 | 0.195 | 0.195 | 0.195 | 0.195 | |||||||
| L-精氨酸L-Arg | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | ||||||||
| L-缬氨酸L-Val | 0.028 | 0.145 | 0.145 | 0.145 | 0.145 | 0.145 | |||||||
| L-丙氨酸L-Ala | 0.200 | 0.240 | 0.140 | 0.080 | 0.020 | ||||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 | 0.300 | |||||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.420 | 0.590 | 0.590 | 0.590 | 0.590 | 0.590 | |||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.360 | 1.320 | 1.320 | 1.320 | 1.320 | 1.320 | |||||||
| 膨润土Bentonite | 2.027 | 2.036 | 2.019 | 2.011 | 2.003 | ||||||||
| 乙氧基喹啉Ethoxyquin (60%) | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | |||||||
| 青蒿粉Artemisia annua powder | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.120 | 0.120 | |||||||
| 防霉剂Antifungal agent | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | |||||||
| 植酸酶Phytase | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | |||||||
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 | |||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | |||||||
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | |||||||
| 合计Total | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | |||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||||||||||||
| 净能NE/(MJ/kg) | 8.63 | 8.63 | 8.63 | 8.63 | 8.63 | 8.63 | |||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.27 | 14.68 | 14.63 | 14.72 | 14.80 | 14.83 | |||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.342 | 0.345 | 0.285 | 0.429 | 0.516 | 0.602 | |||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.868 | 0.853 | 0.852 | 0.849 | 0.853 | 0.855 | |||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.623 | 0.611 | 0.610 | 0.608 | 0.613 | 0.611 | |||||||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.591 | 0.581 | 0.583 | 0.580 | 0.581 | 0.582 | |||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.81 | |||||||
| 磷P | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.50 | |||||||
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 30 mg,VK3 4.8 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 9.6 mg,VB6 6 mg,VB12 0.3 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 60 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 18 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,生物素 biotin 1.8 mg。 2)矿物预混料为每千克饲粮提供The mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets:Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Zn 55 mg,Mn 60 mg,I 0.5 mg,Se 0.15 mg。 3)净能依据《黄羽肉鸡营养需要量》(NY/T 3645—2020)中各原料对应数值计算得到,其他营养水平均为实测值。NE was calculated on basis of the values of each ingredient in the Nutrient requirements of yellow chickens (NY/T 3645—2020), and the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.4 样品采集
1.5 指标测定方法
1.6 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和胴体性状的影响
表2 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和胴体性状的影响Table 2 Effects of diets with different protein levels or low-protein diets with different Met levels on growth performance and carcass traits in yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | LP | LP-Met | LP+Met1 | LP+Met2 | LP+Met3 | t检验 t test | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 初重Initial weight/kg | 1.95 | 1.95 | 2.00 | 1.98 | 1.97 | 1.96 | 0.007 | 0.763 | 0.157 | 0.268 | 0.459 | |
| 末重Final weight/kg | 2.83 | 2.83 | 2.88 | 2.87 | 2.86 | 2.78 | 0.016 | 0.983 | 0.318 | 0.238 | 0.095 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 164.96 | 170.62a | 173.01a | 168.18a | 169.44a | 156.40b | 1.651 | 0.296 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 33.07# | 36.49a | 34.34ab | 33.83bc | 34.31ab | 31.66c | 0.439 | 0.032 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.007 | |
| 料重比F/G | 4.88 | 4.68 | 5.04 | 4.97 | 4.94 | 4.95 | 0.047 | 0.208 | 0.117 | 0.728 | 0.702 | |
| 胸肌率Breast muscle percentage/% | 14.75 | 15.51 | 15.76 | 15.87 | 15.44 | 14.70 | 0.313 | 0.318 | 0.712 | 0.249 | 0.378 | |
| 腿肌率Thigh muscle percentage/% | 16.80 | 16.94 | 16.34 | 17.57 | 17.04 | 16.38 | 0.366 | 0.855 | 0.836 | 0.977 | 0.490 | |
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage/% | 5.55 | 5.96 | 6.07 | 6.50 | 5.50 | 6.24 | 0.355 | 0.715 | 0.915 | 0.950 | 0.995 | |
NP组数据标注“#”表示与LP组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。LP-Met组、LP组、LP+Met1组、LP+Met2组和LP+Met3组之间,同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values in the NP group with “#” represented significant difference compared with the LP group (P<0.05). Among LP-Met, LP, LP+Met1, LP+Met2 and LP+Met3 groups, values in the same row with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表3 低蛋白质饲粮中蛋氨酸水平与61~85日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能回归分析Table 3 Regression analysis of Met level of low-protein diets with growth performance in yellow-feathered broilers aged from 61 to 85 days |
| 项目 Item | 模型 Model | 回归方程 Regression equations | 决定系数 R2 | P值 P-value | 饲粮适宜水平 Dietary optimal level/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均日增重ADG | 二次曲线模型 | Y=-62.856X2+45.862X+26.892 | 0.363 | <0.001 | 0.365 |
2.2 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表4 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡胸肌肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of diets with different protein levels or low-protein diets with different Met levels on breast muscle meat quality in yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | LP | LP-Met | LP +Met1 | LP +Met2 | LP +Met3 | t检验 t test | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 2.41 | 3.13 | 3.03 | 2.29 | 2.59 | 1.88 | 0.178 | 0.228 | 0.156 | 0.025 | 0.084 | |
| 蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% | 29.16# | 31.94 | 30.18 | 29.26 | 29.91 | 30.58 | 0.389 | 0.018 | 0.289 | 0.671 | 0.708 | |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 5.62 | 5.19ab | 6.10a | 4.58b | 4.58b | 4.53b | 0.186 | 0.515 | 0.012 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |
| pH45 min | 6.46# | 6.04c | 6.03c | 6.62a | 6.22b | 6.14bc | 0.051 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.329 | 0.002 | |
| pH24 h | 5.52# | 5.60 | 5.56 | 5.65 | 5.60 | 5.60 | 0.014 | 0.047 | 0.462 | 0.520 | 0.281 | |
| 肉色Meat color | ||||||||||||
| 45 min亮度 | 51.20 | 50.15 | 52.06 | 51.75 | 51.91 | 53.59 | 0.458 | 0.158 | 0.268 | 0.134 | 0.145 | |
| 45 min红度 | 4.70 | 4.60 | 4.31 | 3.09 | 3.45 | 3.41 | 0.241 | 0.927 | 0.230 | 0.093 | 0.167 | |
| 45 min黄度 | 6.77 | 6.88ab | 7.68a | 7.56a | 5.85b | 6.21ab | 0.235 | 0.887 | 0.031 | 0.015 | 0.054 | |
| 24 h亮度 | 62.77 | 61.23 | 62.60 | 62.87 | 61.80 | 64.26 | 0.450 | 0.250 | 0.291 | 0.253 | 0.242 | |
| 24 h红度 | 4.18 | 3.94 | 4.19 | 4.26 | 4.32 | 3.76 | 0.203 | 0.817 | 0.914 | 0.748 | 0.784 | |
| 24 h黄度 | 8.91 | 7.89 | 9.96 | 9.72 | 8.77 | 7.96 | 0.355 | 0.478 | 0.231 | 0.184 | 0.386 | |
表5 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡腿肌肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of diets with different protein levels or low-protein diets with different Met levels on thigh muscle meat quality in yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | LP | LP-Met | LP +Met1 | LP +Met2 | LP +Met3 | t检验 t test | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 2.70 | 2.99 | 1.95 | 3.05 | 2.17 | 2.20 | 0.170 | 0.392 | 0.107 | 0.762 | 0.132 | |
| pH45 min | 6.40 | 6.29 | 6.44 | 6.34 | 6.24 | 6.37 | 0.024 | 0.088 | 0.101 | 0.374 | 0.098 | |
| pH24 h | 6.19 | 6.01 | 6.07 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.12 | 0.023 | 0.115 | 0.712 | 0.458 | 0.378 | |
| 肉色Meat color | ||||||||||||
| 45 min亮度 | 59.14 | 56.78 | 59.07 | 56.60 | 54.90 | 58.83 | 0.553 | 0.265 | 0.069 | 0.594 | 0.033 | |
| 45 min红度 | 6.99 | 7.11 | 6.91 | 7.74 | 7.02 | 6.15 | 0.283 | 0.934 | 0.490 | 0.384 | 0.193 | |
| 45 min黄度 | 7.99 | 8.56a | 9.59a | 9.40a | 6.29b | 7.76ab | 0.353 | 0.596 | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.055 | |
| 24 h亮度 | 63.57 | 59.84 | 60.19 | 60.32 | 59.15 | 59.82 | 0.367 | 0.089 | 0.898 | 0.617 | 0.880 | |
| 24 h红度 | 6.28 | 5.93 | 6.29 | 7.06 | 5.68 | 6.36 | 0.233 | 0.828 | 0.402 | 0.922 | 0.923 | |
| 24 h黄度 | 6.33 | 5.58ab | 6.75ab | 7.44a | 4.78b | 5.53ab | 0.317 | 0.532 | 0.035 | 0.133 | 0.295 | |
2.3 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表6 不同蛋白质水平饲粮或不同蛋氨酸水平低蛋白质饲粮对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of diets with different protein levels or low-protein diets with different Met levels on serum biochemical indices in yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | LP | LP-Met | LP +Met1 | LP +Met2 | LP +Met3 | t检验 t test | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 39.34 | 42.34a | 37.33bc | 36.85bc | 39.41ab | 36.06c | 0.612 | 0.151 | 0.003 | 0.162 | 0.166 | |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 15.48 | 17.13a | 15.93ab | 15.79ab | 16.33a | 14.33b | 0.283 | 0.141 | 0.019 | 0.029 | 0.017 | |
| 球蛋白GLOB/(g/L) | 23.88 | 24.89a | 21.81b | 21.06b | 23.08ab | 21.73b | 0.396 | 0.464 | 0.013 | 0.440 | 0.671 | |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 14.09 | 15.91a | 14.25b | 12.42c | 10.29d | 9.32d | 0.522 | 0.086 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 320.43 | 345.59a | 354.30a | 350.44a | 294.98b | 282.62b | 8.679 | 0.362 | 0.005 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 318.48 | 276.38 | 361.52 | 278.92 | 336.80 | 272.24 | 15.401 | 0.388 | 0.090 | 0.543 | 0.797 | |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 0.30 | 0.27ab | 0.27ab | 0.34a | 0.28ab | 0.23b | 0.011 | 0.254 | 0.032 | 0.281 | 0.021 | |

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