1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计及饲粮组成
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 60.70 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 12.80 |
| 贝壳粉Oyster shell powder | 5.00 |
| 葵花籽饼Sunflower seed cake | 4.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 3.89 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物Corn DDGS | 3.00 |
| 玉米胚芽饼Corn germ cake | 3.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 1.97 |
| 玉米油Corn oil | 1.50 |
| 猪骨粒Pork bone granules | 1.04 |
| 羽毛粉Feather meal | 0.80 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.35 |
| L-赖氨酸硫酸盐L-lysine sulfate | 0.28 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (99%) | 0.16 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (60%) | 0.10 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.41 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.05 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.50 |
| 钙Ca | 3.99 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.76 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.72 |
| 总磷TP | 0.44 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet: Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 80 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 8 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 40 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 60 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.35 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.15 mg,VA 8 000 IU,VD 1 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK 0.5 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 8.0 mg,VB5 10.0 mg,VB6 3.5 mg,VB12 0.01 mg,VB3 35 mg,VB9 0.55 mg,VB7 0.18 mg。 | |
2)代谢能和氨基酸含量依据NY/T 33—2004计算,粗蛋白质、钙和总磷含量则分别参照GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018和GB/T 6437—2018测定。ME and amino acid contents were calculated according to NY/T 33—2004, while CP, Ca and TP contents were determined following GB/T 6432—2018, GB/T 6436—2018 and GB/T 6437—2018, respectively. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 检测指标
1.5.1 生产性能
1.5.2 蛋品质
1.5.3 血清免疫指标和生殖激素水平
1.5.4 肠道和卵巢中炎症因子含量
1.5.5 血清、肠道和卵巢抗氧化指标
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表2 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of combined plant extract on performance of laying hens in late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 低剂量Low-dose | 高剂量High-dose | |||
| 第1~28天Days 1 to 28 | |||||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 72.34 | 73.72 | 74.76 | 1.170 | 0.173 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 72.65 | 72.60 | 72.53 | 4.619 | 1.000 |
| 日产蛋量Daily egg mass/(g/d) | 52.54 | 53.46 | 54.13 | 2.836 | 0.855 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 137.89 | 124.21 | 122.97 | 6.124 | 0.069 |
| 料蛋比F/E | 2.23 | 2.31 | 2.14 | 0.103 | 0.323 |
| 第29~56天Days 29 to 56 | |||||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 69.75b | 72.53a | 74.04a | 0.763 | 0.001 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 66.83 | 67.01 | 66.83 | 0.319 | 0.812 |
| 日产蛋量Daily egg mass/(g/d) | 46.62b | 48.60a | 49.48a | 0.542 | 0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 121.75 | 110.16 | 118.54 | 12.521 | 0.647 |
| 料蛋比F/E | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.19 | 0.126 | 0.709 |
| 第1~56天Days 1 to 56 | |||||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 71.04b | 73.13a | 74.40a | 0.789 | 0.001 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 69.74 | 69.80 | 69.68 | 2.630 | 0.999 |
| 日产蛋量Daily egg mass/(g/d) | 49.58 | 51.03 | 51.81 | 1.923 | 0.511 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 129.82 | 117.19 | 120.76 | 7.280 | 0.225 |
| 料蛋比F/E | 2.22 | 2.21 | 2.17 | 0.082 | 0.815 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different lowercase letter superscripts were significantly different (P<0.05), whereas those with the same letter or no letter superscripts were not significantly different (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表3 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of combined plant extract on egg quality of laying hens in late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 低剂量Low-dose | 高剂量High-dose | |||
| 第28天Day 28 | |||||
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 0.005 | 0.151 |
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 39.57 | 39.95 | 40.81 | 1.880 | 0.799 |
| 蛋壳厚度Egg shell thickness/mm | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.005 | 0.135 |
| 蛋壳重量Egg shell weight/g | 8.86 | 8.79 | 8.93 | 0.171 | 0.695 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 68.08 | 70.41 | 72.33 | 2.379 | 0.220 |
| 蛋黄颜色Egg yolk color | 9.62 | 9.81 | 9.93 | 0.190 | 0.279 |
| 蛋黄重量Egg yolk weight/g | 17.92 | 17.45 | 17.72 | 0.364 | 0.441 |
| 第56天Day 56 | |||||
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 0.014 | 0.409 |
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 38.77 | 40.10 | 41.35 | 1.325 | 0.178 |
| 蛋壳厚度Egg shell thickness/mm | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.005 | 0.231 |
| 蛋壳重量Egg shell weight/g | 8.94 | 8.96 | 8.95 | 0.135 | 0.988 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 69.75b | 74.81a | 75.50a | 1.979 | 0.013 |
| 蛋黄颜色Egg yolk color | 9.75b | 9.91ab | 10.16a | 0.142 | 0.033 |
| 蛋黄重量Egg yolk weight/g | 18.33 | 18.14 | 18.07 | 0.370 | 0.762 |
2.3 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清免疫指标的影响
表4 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清免疫指标的影响Table 4 Effects of combined plant extract on serum immune indexes of laying hens in late laying period μg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 低剂量Low-dose | 高剂量High-dose | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 1 307.06 | 1 346.24 | 1 372.58 | 47.885 | 0.398 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 416.59b | 428.11ab | 448.78a | 12.637 | 0.048 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 450.61b | 485.27a | 492.95a | 14.502 | 0.014 |
| 补体4 C4 | 131.57b | 142.19ab | 149.68a | 6.391 | 0.027 |
2.4 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清生殖激素水平的影响
表5 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清生殖激素水平的影响Table 5 Effects of combined plant extract on serum reproductive hormone levels of laying hens in late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 低剂量Low-dose | 高剂量High-dose | |||
| 孕激素P4/(ng/mL) | 5.19b | 5.50ab | 5.69a | 0.154 | 0.023 |
| 雌激素E2/(pg/mL) | 305.30b | 317.27ab | 348.62a | 14.475 | 0.030 |
| 促黄体素LH/(ng/mL) | 4.24 | 4.26 | 4.28 | 0.045 | 0.722 |
2.5 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道和卵巢中炎症因子含量的影响
表6 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道和卵巢中炎症因子含量的影响Table 6 Effects of combined plant extract on inflammatory factor contents in intestine and ovary of laying hens in late laying period pg/μg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 低剂量Low-dose | 高剂量High-dose | |||
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2 | 215.04a | 191.97b | 194.77ab | 9.379 | 0.038 |
| 白细胞介素-4 IL-4 | 100.91b | 113.39a | 115.03a | 4.714 | 0.010 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 18.17 | 16.89 | 17.25 | 0.536 | 0.063 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 82.09 | 77.82 | 78.66 | 2.673 | 0.253 |
| 回肠Ileum | |||||
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2 | 210.85a | 193.69b | 190.03b | 7.118 | 0.014 |
| 白细胞介素-4 IL-4 | 96.36 | 104.17 | 110.12 | 6.994 | 0.159 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 16.73 | 15.89 | 15.93 | 0.553 | 0.243 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 90.49a | 81.61b | 80.44b | 3.568 | 0.015 |
| 卵巢Ovary | |||||
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | 20.63a | 19.56ab | 19.08b | 0.542 | 0.022 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | 125.96a | 112.22b | 113.11b | 5.152 | 0.019 |
2.6 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清、肠道和卵巢抗氧化指标的影响
表7 复合植物提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清、肠道和卵巢抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of combined plant extract on antioxidant indices in serum, intestine and ovary of laying hens in late laying period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 低剂量Low-dose | 高剂量High-dose | |||||||||
| 血清Serum | |||||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/L) | 8.40 | 8.51 | 8.97 | 0.19 | 0.061 | ||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/L) | 76.05 | 79.89 | 79.04 | 1.78 | 0.110 | ||||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/L) | 147.36b | 153.37a | 157.57a | 3.32 | 0.039 | ||||||
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.56a | 3.25b | 3.12b | 0.12 | 0.014 | ||||||
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg) | 16.98b | 19.86a | 19.70a | 1.006 | 0.014 | ||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg) | 362.11 | 356.47 | 352.58 | 11.664 | 0.717 | ||||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mg) | 466.26b | 579.38ab | 633.94a | 54.276 | 0.022 | ||||||
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg) | 4.79a | 4.59a | 4.05b | 0.218 | 0.011 | ||||||
| 回肠Ileum | |||||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg) | 15.91b | 17.13ab | 18.34a | 0.918 | 0.048 | ||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg) | 336.71 | 335.54 | 347.16 | 11.644 | 0.554 | ||||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mg) | 511.85 | 557.11 | 555.51 | 30.196 | 0.261 | ||||||
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg) | 4.08 | 3.76 | 3.36 | 0.416 | 0.263 | ||||||
| 卵巢Ovary | |||||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg) | 59.76 | 62.61 | 64.45 | 2.066 | 0.088 | ||||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg) | 412.12b | 448.95ab | 471.18a | 23.221 | 0.049 | ||||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mg) | 331.11b | 371.36a | 373.71a | 15.790 | 0.017 | ||||||
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg) | 10.60a | 9.47ab | 8.29b | 0.718 | 0.011 | ||||||

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