1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 43.20 | ||
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 17.00 | ||
| 稻草Rice straw | 13.35 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 12.50 | ||
| 胡麻饼粕Flaxseed meal | 4.75 | ||
| 玉米秸秆Corn stalk | 3.70 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 1.50 | ||
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.30 | ||
| 磷酸氢二钠Na2HPO4 | 0.20 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.50 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 干物质(风干基础) DM (air-dry basis) | 90.73 | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 8.83 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 14.68 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 4.98 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 44.70 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 23.03 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.54 | ||
| 磷P | 0.28 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 20 000 IU,VD3 4 000 IU,VE 40 IU,Cu 15 mg,Fe 55 mg,Zn 25 mg,Mn 40 mg,Se 0.3 mg,I 0.5 mg,Co 0.2 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,根据《肉羊营养需要量》(NY/T 816—2021)计算;其他营养水平为实测值。ME was a calculated value in accordance with Nutrient Requirements of Meat-Type Sheep and Goat (NY/T 816—2021), while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分含量
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 血清免疫指标
1.4.4 肌肉抗氧化指标
1.4.5 瘤胃发酵参数
1.4.6 瘤胃微生物区系
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata Bunge on growth performance of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FS | |||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 20.34 | 20.38 | 0.771 | 0.963 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 34.68 | 35.01 | 0.714 | 0.651 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 1 328.86 | 1 349.94 | 143.605 | 0.887 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 155.88 | 159.10 | 5.513 | 0.589 |
| 料重比F/G | 8.51 | 8.47 | 0.778 | 0.972 |
同行数据肩标无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊血清免疫指标的影响
表3 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊血清免疫指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata Bunge on serum immune indices of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FS | |||
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 9.10b | 10.15a | 0.851 | 0.021 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 42.28B | 48.74A | 1.982 | 0.003 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 312.29b | 334.69a | 8.721 | 0.016 |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(pg/mL) | 27.43 | 29.73 | 2.471 | 0.062 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 29.93A | 24.73B | 1.228 | <0.001 |
2.3 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊肌肉抗氧化指标的影响
表4 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊肌肉抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata Bunge on muscle antioxidant indices of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FS | |||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(μmol Trolox/g) | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.081 | 0.732 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/g) | 307.47 | 321.41 | 15.173 | 0.058 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/g) | 2 349.82 | 2 478.96 | 96.005 | 0.232 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/g) | 122.64b | 175.95a | 22.410 | 0.033 |
2.4 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表5 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata Bunge on rumen fermentation parameters of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FS | |||
| pH | 6.52 | 6.78 | 0.761 | 0.063 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid/(mmol/L) | 35.27 | 34.72 | 0.627 | 0.434 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid/(mmol/L) | 13.16b | 15.48a | 1.421 | 0.037 |
| 乙丙比A/P | 2.67 | 2.24 | 0.108 | 0.061 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid/(mmol/L) | 7.48 | 7.86 | 0.653 | 0.314 |
| 异丁酸Iso-butyric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.54 | 0.72 | 0.451 | 0.939 |
| 戊酸Valeric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.68 | 0.55 | 0.414 | 0.406 |
| 异戊酸Iso-valeric acid/(mmol/L) | 0.74 | 0.91 | 0.360 | 0.443 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 10.61 | 10.65 | 0.073 | 0.986 |
2.5 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响
2.5.1 菌群多样性分析
图1 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊瘤胃微生物群落α多样性(A)和β多样性(B)的影响**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata Bunge on α diversity (A) and β diversity (B) of rumen microbiota of Tan sheep ** indicated extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
2.5.2 菌群组成分析
图2 饲粮添加发酵银柴胡对滩羊瘤胃微生物群落在门(A)和属(B)水平上组成的影响Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Synergistota:互养菌门;Fibrobacterota:纤维杆菌门;Spirochaetota:螺旋体门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Elusimicrobiota:迷踪菌门;Euryarchaeota:广古菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝细菌门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;Prevotella:普雷沃氏菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Prevotellaceae:普雷沃氏菌科;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Prevotellaceae_UCG-001:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001;Succinivibrionaceae:琥珀酸弧菌科;Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:克里斯滕森菌科R-7群;Muribaculaceae:鼠杆菌科;Bacteroidales_RF16_group:拟杆菌目RF16群;Lachnospiraceae:毛螺菌科;Saccharofermentans:糖发酵菌属;NK4A214_group:NK4A214群;[Eubacterium]_ruminantium_group:瘤胃真细菌群;Succinivibrio:琥珀酸弧菌属;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Fibrobacter:纤维杆菌属;Clostridia_vadinBB60_group:梭菌纲vadinBB60群;Butyrivibrio:丁酸弧菌属;Quinella:奎因氏菌属;[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group:产粪甾醇真细菌群;Treponema:密螺旋体属;Fretibacterium:弗雷特杆菌属;Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group:毛螺菌科NK3A20群;Desulfovibrio:脱硫弧菌属;Veillonellaceae_UCG-001:韦荣氏菌科UCG-001;Anaerovibrio:厌氧弧菌属;Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group:毛螺菌科ND3007群;Clostridia_UCG-014:梭菌纲UCG-014;Other:其他。 Fig.2 Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata Bunge on composition of rumen microbiota at phylum (A) and genus (B) levels of Tan sheep |
2.5.3 差异菌属分析
图3 滩羊瘤胃差异菌属(A)及其与血清免疫指标、肌肉抗氧化指标和瘤胃发酵参数的相关性热图(B)Veillonellaceae_UCG-001:韦荣氏菌科UCG-001;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Schwartzia:施氏菌属;Ruminobacter:瘤胃杆菌属;Moryella:莫拉氏菌属;Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-009:丹毒丝菌科UCG-009;Bacteroidales_RF16_group:拟杆菌目RF16群;Alloprevotella:拟普雷沃氏菌属;Acetitomaculum:聚乙酸菌属;[Ruminococcus]_gauvreauii_group:高氏瘤胃球菌群。 *表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。* indicated significant correlation (P<0.05), and ** indicated extremely significant correlation (P<0.01). Fig.3 Differential bacterial genera in rumen microbiota of Tan sheep (A) and correlation heatmap of these genera with serum immune indices, muscle antioxidant indices and rumen fermentation parameters (B) |

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