1 材料与方法
1.1 试验用青贮饲料的制备
表1 不同青贮饲料的营养成分含量Table 1 Nutritional contents of different silage |
| 项目 Items | 全株玉米青贮 Whole-plant corn silage | 不同处理全株藜麦青贮 Different treated whole-plant quinoa silage | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 干物质DM | 28.84 | 30.51 | 26.09 | 24.76 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 8.97 | 10.66 | 9.26 | 11.94 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 44.60 | 54.58 | 59.73 | 56.88 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 31.03 | 31.84 | 36.94 | 34.22 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 3.85 | 6.32 | 7.99 | 7.35 |
| 钙Ca | 1.31 | 1.16 | 0.67 | 0.76 |
| 磷P | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.27 | 2.22 | 1.37 | 2.30 |
T1:全株藜麦青贮;T2:全株藜麦-小麦秸秆(7∶3)混合青贮;T3:全株藜麦-小麦秸秆(7∶3)+2%尿素混合青贮。干物质含量为鲜样基础,其他营养成分含量均为干物质基础。 | |
T1: whole-plant quinoa silage; T2: whole-plant quinoa-wheat straw (7∶3) mixed silage; T3: whole-plant quinoa-wheat straw (7∶3) mixed silage supplemented with 2% urea. DM content was based on fresh sample, and the contents of other nutrients were based on DM. |
1.2 试验设计与饲粮配制
表2 各组饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets for each group (DM basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米Corn | 14.21 | 15.08 | 15.00 | 15.80 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.67 | 6.80 | 6.88 | 6.08 |
| 花生秧Peanut seedling | 26.00 | 22.00 | 18.80 | 18.60 |
| 发酵蒜皮Fermented garlic peel | 9.00 | 13.00 | 16.20 | 16.40 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.42 | 1.42 | 1.42 | 1.42 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
| 精料补充料Concentrate supplement2) | 20.55 | 20.55 | 20.55 | 20.55 |
| 全株玉米青贮Whole-plant corn silage | 20.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| 全株藜麦青贮Whole-plant quinoa silage | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 9.95 | 9.94 | 9.96 | 9.99 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 14.42 | 14.42 | 14.44 | 14.41 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 47.98 | 47.99 | 47.78 | 47.39 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 26.88 | 26.09 | 25.89 | 25.51 |
| 钙Ca | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
| 磷P | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
1)预混料购自英联普美欣科技(江西)有限公司,每千克产品提供 The premix was purchased from Yinglian Pumeixin Technology (Jiangxi) Co., Ltd. Each kilogram of product provided as follows:VA 375 000 IU,VD3 125 000 IU,VE 2 500 IU,烟酰胺 niacinamide 720 mg,生物素 biotin 24 mg,Fe 750 mg,Mn 1 150 mg,Cu 600 mg,Zn 2 500 mg,Co 40 mg,I 40 mg,Se 21.5 mg。 2)精料补充料购自烟台康惠饲料有限公司,主要原料包括玉米、豆粕、棉籽粕、玉米胚芽粕和麸皮等。其干物质含量为89.59%,主要营养水平如下:粗蛋白质22.46%,粗灰分7.59%,钙1.21%,总磷0.77%。The concentrate supplement was purchased from Yantai Kanghui Feed Co., Ltd. The main ingredients included corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn germ meal, wheat bran, etc. Its DM content was 89.59%, and the main nutrient levels were as follows: crude protein 22.46%, crude ash 7.59%, calcium 1.21% and total phosphorus 0.77%. | |
3)代谢能为计算值,计算方式参考《肉羊营养需要量》(NY/T 816—2021),其余均为实测值。ME was a calculated value with the calculation method referring to Nutrient Requirements of Meat-Type Sheep and Goat (NY/T 816—2021),while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标和方法
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 养分表观消化率
1.4.3 血清生化、抗氧化与免疫指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊生产性能的影响
表3 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of different treated whole-plant quinoa silage on performance of dairy goats in late lactation |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 平均日产奶量 Average daily milk yield/(kg/d) | 0.70±0.25b | 0.81±0.34ab | 0.71±0.23b | 0.97±0.34a | 0.034 |
| 4%标准乳产量 4%FCM yield/(kg/d) | 0.82±0.30Bb | 0.95±0.39Bb | 0.86±0.26Bb | 1.27±0.38Aa | 0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(kg/d) | 2.15±0.06B | 2.25±0.05A | 1.99±0.01D | 2.06±0.01C | 0.001 |
| 料奶比Feed to milk ratio | 3.48±1.33a | 3.22±1.18a | 3.09±0.99a | 2.31±0.65b | 0.012 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊养分表观消化率的影响
表4 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of different treated whole-plant quinoa silage on nutrient apparent digestibility of dairy goats in late lactation |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 干物质DM | 75.55±2.11 | 77.55±7.03 | 81.28±4.31 | 80.85±3.58 | 0.093 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 62.02±5.53 | 58.18±4.76 | 63.13±15.15 | 66.99±3.27 | 0.558 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 59.93±4.87Bb | 60.39±4.54Bb | 69.48±9.10ABa | 73.15±4.18Aa | 0.006 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 52.62±1.67b | 52.23±9.09b | 59.54±10.07ab | 66.64±8.13a | 0.014 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 50.45±3.45Bb | 46.51±10.40Bb | 55.12±10.45ABab | 63.79±8.68Aa | 0.009 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 23.72±3.07 | 25.77±7.29 | 32.77±16.10 | 48.57±17.46 | 0.052 |
| 钙Ca | 52.51±1.87 | 49.51±5.72 | 59.28±13.00 | 62.33±8.43 | 0.108 |
| 磷P | 50.27±6.77Bb | 51.50±11.45Bb | 62.29±9.32ABa | 67.52±5.21Aa | 0.004 |
2.3 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊血清生化指标的影响
表5 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different treated whole-plant quinoa silage on serum biochemical indices of dairy goats in late lactation |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 62.25±9.39 | 60.94±6.06 | 61.63±4.50 | 59.81±6.58 | 0.969 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 27.25±4.34 | 27.06±3.48 | 27.38±2.50 | 27.06±2.97 | 0.999 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 95.31±16.59 | 100.00±33.23 | 91.75±6.51 | 88.69±9.10 | 0.893 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 3.03±0.45 | 3.10±0.21 | 3.22±0.32 | 3.10±0.29 | 0.846 |
| 总胆红素TBIL/( mol/L) | 3.25±0.74 | 4.19±0.24 | 3.56±1.25 | 4.13±0.83 | 0.392 |
| 总胆固醇TCHO/(mmol/L) | 2.30±0.52 | 1.91±0.30 | 2.13±0.29 | 2.16±0.46 | 0.646 |
| γ-谷氨酰转肽酶GGT/(U/L) | 36.94±12.21 | 45.56±11.29 | 35.75±4.10 | 45.63±6.60 | 0.425 |
| 丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT/(U/L) | 20.88±2.71 | 21.25±1.59 | 21.00±1.46 | 20.63±2.11 | 0.978 |
| 肌酐CRE/(μmol/L) | 47.31±6.44 | 39.44±6.29 | 37.31±1.70 | 41.56±4.07 | 0.120 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 9.78±1.17a | 7.83±0.89b | 8.16±0.95b | 7.73±0.39b | 0.022 |
| 球蛋白GLOB/(g/L) | 35.00±5.22 | 34.44±3.78 | 34.25±2.84 | 32.75±3.65 | 0.895 |
| 白球比ALB/GLOB | 0.78±0.07 | 0.80±0.05 | 0.83±0.08 | 0.83±0.02 | 0.534 |
2.4 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊血清抗氧化指标的影响
表6 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of different treated whole-plant quinoa silage on serum antioxidant indices of dairy goats in late lactation |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.98±0.60Aa | 1.81±1.05ABab | 2.96±0.73Aa | 0.76±0.25Bb | 0.005 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 77.70±9.36 | 79.34±5.61 | 77.27±4.51 | 87.38±8.58 | 0.193 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 3.66±1.27b | 7.53±0.64a | 4.85±1.42b | 7.83±2.94a | 0.012 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 132.28±14.89b | 160.08±11.11a | 131.72±19.31b | 167.91±10.00a | 0.023 |
2.5 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊血清免疫指标的影响
表7 不同处理全株藜麦青贮对泌乳末期奶山羊血清免疫指标的影响Table 7 Effects of different treated whole-plant quinoa silage on serum immune indices of dairy goats in late lactation |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/mL) | 4.66±2.42 | 3.97±0.76 | 3.25±0.59 | 6.86±3.27 | 0.191 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 5.94±2.46Bb | 12.72±2.75Aa | 7.52±2.80Bb | 13.61±2.44Aa | 0.001 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 3.49±0.72 | 3.64±0.93 | 4.28±1.07 | 4.44±0.76 | 0.497 |
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2/(ng/L) | 24.79±6.23Cb | 36.19±6.34Aa | 28.42±5.15BCb | 33.40±8.78ABa | 0.001 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(ng/L) | 40.84±1.95 | 47.81±9.25 | 38.69±3.02 | 49.88±3.88 | 0.058 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(ng/L) | 117.10±13.92Cc | 148.73±25.24ABab | 134.47±24.64BCb | 160.73±17.80Aa | 0.001 |
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ/(ng/L) | 106.06±19.54Cc | 141.99±25.49ABab | 126.99±26.32BCb | 157.04±18.06Aa | 0.001 |

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