1 材料与方法
1.1 试验饲料
表1 不同形式裂殖壶菌的营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Nutrient levels of different forms of Aurantiochytrium limacinum (DM basis) |
| 项目 Items | 未破壁裂殖壶菌 Aurantiochytrium limacinum with intact cell wall | 破壁裂殖壶菌 Aurantiochytrium limacinum with disrupted cell wall |
|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.24 | 15.04 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 5.24 | 27.00 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 8.54 | 8.83 |
| 二十二碳六烯酸DHA | 3.50 | 19.17 |
营养水平为实测值。 | |
Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2 试验设计与饲料
表2 试验饲料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | SL1 | SL2 | |||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||
| 未破壁裂殖壶菌 Aurantiochytrium limacinum with intact cell wall | 3.00 | ||||||
| 破壁裂殖壶菌 Aurantiochytrium limacinum with disrupted cell wall | 3.00 | ||||||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 18.00 | 17.29 | 17.29 | ||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | ||||
| 鸡肉粉Chicken meal | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | ||||
| 面粉Flour | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | ||||
| 玉米油Corn oil | 2.70 | 2.61 | 1.95 | ||||
| 微晶纤维素Microcrystalline cellulose | 10.29 | 8.09 | 8.75 | ||||
| 卵磷脂Lecithin | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||
| 黏合剂Adhesive | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | ||||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | ||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | ||||
| 三氧化二钇Y2O3 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 41.35 | 41.60 | 41.84 | ||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 8.07 | 8.09 | 8.05 | ||||
1)预混料为每千克饲料提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 10 mg,VB1 6 mg,VB2 5 mg,VB6 7.5 mg,VB12 4 mg,烟酰胺 niacinamide 50 mg,抗坏血酸 ascorbic acid 500 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 20 mg,生物素 biotin 2.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5 mg,VE 200 mg,VK3 10 mg,VD3 5 mg,肌醇 inositol 100 mg,玉米蛋白粉 corn gluten meal 75 mg,CuSO4·5H2O 10 mg,FeSO4·H2O 300 mg,ZnSO4·H2O 200 mg,MnSO4·H2O 100 mg,KIO3 80 mg,Na2SeO3 67 mg,CoCl2·6H2O 5 mg,NaCl 100 mg,沸石 zeolite 638 mg。 2)营养水平为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 指标测定
1.5.1 裂殖壶菌、饲料和肌肉常规营养物质含量及肌肉胶原蛋白含量测定
1.5.2 肌肉质构特性分析
1.5.3 肌肉持水力测定
1.5.4 肌肉抗氧化指标测定
1.5.5 肌肉组织学测定
1.5.6 肌肉基因表达测定
表3 引物序列Table 3 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | GenBank登录号 GenBank accession No. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 内参基因Reference genes | |||||
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:GCAACAGTTTTTCGCTGCAC R: ACGAACACAAGGACATCTGC | MG787341.1 | |||
| TATA结合蛋白 TBP | F:GACAACAAGGAGTGGTTTGGAG R:AGGAGCACACCACATTGTTG | XM_027352221.1 | |||
| 抗氧化相关基因Antioxidant related genes | |||||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT | F:TTGCAAGGTCGCCTCTTTTC R:TTGCCATCAACACACATGGG | AY518322.1 | |||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD | F:TTGGCTCCGAAGTTCAATGG R:TTGCCGGGTTTAAGGTGAAC | XM_027377625.1 | |||
| 肌肉品质性状相关基因Meat quality traits related genes | |||||
| 丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 AKT | F:AAACCGAGTGTTGCAAAGGG R:ACAGGCGGTCATTTGTTTGG | KF163129.1 | |||
| 磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶 PI3K | F:ACCGTTTATTGCGTCGTGAG R:CGAACTGCACAAATCCATGC | XM_027359988.1 | |||
| 雷帕霉素机械性靶蛋白 mTOR | F:TTGAACATGCGCTCGAACAC R:AGTTTGTACGGCGGTCAAAC | XM_027372359.1 | |||
| 核糖体蛋白S6激酶1 S6K1 | F:TGTGAACCGCCTTTCAAACC R:AACAACTGGTGAGCATTGGC | XM_027359033.1 | |||
| 真核翻译起始因子4E2 EIF4E2 | F:ACAAACCACTGCCACAAGTG R:TGTGTTGTTGCCTGTTTGCC | XM_027354394.1 | |||
| 转化生长因子-β TGF-β | F:TGCCCAGGTGCAAGAAAATG R:GGCCTCTTTCTCTGCTTCAAAC | XM_027353723.1 | |||
| 肌钙蛋白C TNNC | F:TGGAATTCAGGAGTTCGTCGAG R:ATAACGAAAAGCCTCCCCTGAG | XM_027381668.1 | |||
| 肌球蛋白轻链 MYLC | F:TCCAAGAAGGCCAAGAAGACG R:ATCTGGAAGCCCTCCTTGAAC | XM_027376218.1 | |||
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉常规营养物质和胶原蛋白含量及持水力的影响
表4 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉常规营养物质和胶原蛋白含量及持水力的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary supplementation with different forms of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on contents of conventional nutrient and collagen, and water-holding capacity in muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CON | SL1 | SL2 | |
| 水分Moisture/% | 79.12±0.55 | 77.65±0.85 | 78.19±0.21 |
| 粗脂肪EE/% DM | 2.94±0.36 | 3.26±0.27 | 3.26±0.33 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 92.25±1.42a | 95.30±0.41b | 95.85±0.50b |
| 粗灰分Ash/% DM | 0.28±0.00 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.28±0.00 |
| 胶原蛋白Collagen/(μg/mg FW) | 0.92±0.02a | 1.17±0.04b | 1.51±0.01c |
| 滴水损失率Drip loss rate/% | 2.46±0.61 | 2.23±0.44 | 1.82±0.62 |
| 冷冻渗出率Freeze exudation rate/% | 1.87±0.33 | 1.65±0.14 | 1.54±0.50 |
| 蒸煮损失率Cooking loss rate/% | 16.95±0.37b | 13.46±1.11a | 13.65±0.87a |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉质构特性的影响
表5 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉质构特性的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary supplementation with different forms of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on muscle textural properties of Litopenaeus vannamei |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CON | SL1 | SL2 | |
| 硬度Hardness/N | 9.19±0.82a | 10.71±0.61a | 15.87±1.30b |
| 弹性Springiness/mm | 0.50±0.08 | 0.67±0.12 | 0.73±0.14 |
| 胶黏性Gumminess/% | 1.69±0.38a | 2.69±0.32a | 5.57±2.02b |
| 咀嚼性Chewiness/mJ | 1.19±0.19a | 2.00±0.60a | 4.53±1.84b |
| 黏附性Adhesiveness/N·mm | 0.06±0.02 | 0.07±0.06 | 0.03±0.01 |
| 内聚性Cohesiveness/% | 0.17±0.03a | 0.25±0.02b | 0.27±0.04b |
2.3 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉品质性状相关基因表达的影响
图1 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉品质性状相关基因表达的影响数据柱标相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图2同。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary supplementation with different forms of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on meat quality traits related gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei Value columns with the same small letter mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Fig.2. |
2.4 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉抗氧化指标及抗氧化相关基因表达的影响
表6 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary supplementation with different forms of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on muscle antioxidant indices of Litopenaeus vannamei |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CON | SL1 | SL2 | |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 4.33±0.09a | 4.30±1.20a | 7.95±0.39b |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.68±0.10b | 0.25±0.08a | 1.86±0.25c |
2.5 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织学的影响
图3 饲料添加不同形式裂殖壶菌对凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织学的影响A:CON组肌纤维横切图 transverse section of muscle fibers in CON group (200×);B:SL1组肌纤维横切图 transverse section of muscle fibers in SL1 group (200×);C:SL2组肌纤维横切图 transverse section of muscle fibers in SL2 group (200×);D:CON组肌纤维纵切图 longitudinal section of muscle fibers in CON group (400×);E:SL1组肌纤维纵切图 longitudinal section of muscle fibers in SL1 group (400×);F:SL2组肌纤维纵切图 longitudinal section of muscle fibers in SL2 group (400×);G:肌纤维直径 myofiber diameter;“****”:P<0.000 1。 Fig.3 Effects of dietary supplementation with different forms of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on muscle histology of Litopenaeus vannamei |

京公网安备 11010802041926号