1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 样品与试剂
1.1.2 仪器设备
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 菌株分离与鉴定
1.2.2 生长曲线与耐受特性测定
1.2.3 人工胃液和人工肠液耐受性测定
1.2.4 黏附特性测定
1.2.5 抗生素敏感性测定
1.2.6 非靶向代谢组学分析
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 菌株GRJA011的分离与鉴定
图1 菌株GRJA011的菌落(A)、细胞形态(100×,B)及系统发育进化树(C)Candida tropicalis:热带假丝酵母;Candida sojae:大豆假丝酵母;Candida sanyaensis:三亚假丝酵母;Candida frijolesensis:弗里霍莱斯假丝酵母;Candida neerlandica:尼氏假丝酵母;Candida viswanathii:维斯假丝酵母;Candida maltosa:麦芽糖假丝酵母;Candida dubliniensis:都柏林念珠菌;Candida africana:非洲假丝酵母;Candida albicans:白假丝酵母菌;Aspergillus niger:黑曲霉。 Fig.1 Colony (A), cell morphology (100×,B) and phylogenetic tree (C) of strain GRJA011 |
2.2 菌株GRJA011的生长曲线和产酸曲线
2.3 菌株GRJA011的体外益生特性
2.3.1 菌株GRJA011不同温度下的生长曲线
2.3.2 菌株GRJA011对酸的耐受性
2.3.3 菌株GRJA011对胆盐的耐受性
2.3.4 菌株GRJA011对人工胃液和人工肠液的耐受性
表1 菌株GRJA011在人工胃液和人工肠液中的存活率Table 1 Survival rate of strain GRJA011 in artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid |
| 项目 Items | 耐受时间 Tolerance time/h | 活菌数 Viable count/(×105 CFU/mL) | 存活率 Survival rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
人工胃液Artificial gastric fluid | 0 | 8.00±0.29 | 34.42±1.72 |
| 3 | 2.75±0.07 | ||
人工肠液Artificial intestinal fluid | 0 | 5.67±0.64 | 37.52±5.69 |
| 3 | 2.10±0.14 |
2.3.5 菌株GRJA011的表面疏水性及自凝聚能力
表2 菌株GRJA011的表面疏水率及自凝聚率Table 2 Surface hydrophobicity rate and self-coagulation rate of strain GRJA011 |
| 菌株 Strain | 表面疏水率 Surface hydrophobicity rate | 自凝聚率 Self-coagulation rate |
|---|---|---|
| GRJA011 | 86.84±0.61 | 85.65±0.97 |
表面疏水率标准设定:50%以上,高度疏水;20%~50%;中度疏水;20%以下;非疏水。自凝聚能力标准设定:16%~35%,低自凝聚能力;>35%~50%,中等自凝聚能力;50%以上,高自凝聚能力。 | |
The standards for surface hydrophobicity are set as follows: above 50%, highly hydrophobic; 20% to 50%, moderately hydrophobic; below 20%, non-hydrophobic. The standards for self-aggregation ability are set as: 16% to 35%, low self-aggregation ability; >35% to 50%, medium self-aggregation ability; above 50%, high self-aggregation ability. |
2.3.6 菌株GRJA011的抗生素敏感性
表3 菌株GRJA011对常见抗生素的敏感性Table 3 Sensitivity of strain GRJA011 to common antibiotics |
| 抗生素名称 Antibiotics names | 抑菌圈直径 Inhibition zone diameter/mm | 敏感性 Susceptibility | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氯霉素Chloramphenicol | 21.60±1.67 | S | |||
| 红霉素Erythomycin | — | R | |||
| 万古霉素Vancomycin | — | R | |||
| 四环素Tetracycline | 23.95±0.92 | S | |||
| 克林霉素Clindamycin | — | R | |||
| 庆大霉素Gentamycin | 25.73±0.62 | S | |||
| 头孢拉定Cefradine | — | R | |||
| 阿奇霉素Azithromycin | — | R | |||
| 环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin | 17.56±1.67 | I | |||
| 青霉素Penicillin | — | R | |||
| 氨苄西林Ampicillin | — | R | |||
| 头孢哌酮Cefoperazone | 25.01±1.02 | S |
—:无抑菌圈 no inhibition zone;S:敏感 susceptible;I:中介 intermediate;R:耐药 resistant。 |
2.3.7 菌株GRJA011的代谢特性
2.3.7.1 菌株GRJA011非靶向代谢组学数据质量评价
2.3.7.2 菌株GRJA011代谢物鉴定
图7 基于代谢物数量的前20条代谢通路Environmental Information Processing:环境信息处理;Genetic Information Processing:遗传信息处理;Human Diseases:人类疾病;Metabolism:新陈代谢;Organismal Systems:生物体系统;ABC transporters:ABC转运蛋白;Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction:神经活性配体-受体相互作用;Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis:氨酰-tRNA生物合成;Central carbon metabolism in cancer:癌症中的中心碳代谢;Metabolic pathways:代谢通路;Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites:次生代谢物生物合成;Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites:植物次生代谢物生物合成;Microbial metabolism in diverse environments:不同环境中的微生物代谢;Biosynthesis of cofactors:辅因子生物合成;Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway:源自莽草酸途径的生物碱生物合成;Nucleotide metabolism:核苷酸代谢;Biosynthesis of amino acids:氨基酸生物合成;Purine metabolism:嘌呤代谢;Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid:源自鸟氨酸、赖氨酸和烟酸的生物碱生物合成;Biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites:各种植物次生代谢物生物合成;Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids:苯丙烷类生物合成;Secondary bile acid biosynthesis:次生胆汁酸生物合成;Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis:莨菪烷、哌啶和吡啶类生物碱生物合成;Bile secretion:胆汁分泌;Protein digestion and absorption:蛋白质消化与吸收。 Fig.7 Top 20 pathways based on number of metabolites |
2.3.7.3 关联益生特性的关键代谢通路与产物分析
表4 基于代谢组学的GRJA011菌株关键益生通路分析Table 4 Analysis of key probiotic pathways in strain GRJA011 based on metabolomics |
| 通路编号 Pathway ID | 通路名称(三级) Pathway name (level 3) | 代谢物数目 Number of metabolites | 代表性代谢物 Representative metabolites |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | ABC转运蛋白 | 17 | 甜菜碱、脯氨酸、亚精胺等 |
| 564 | 甘油磷脂代谢 | 5 | 甘油磷酸胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(15∶0/0∶0)等 |
| 1110 | 次生代谢物生物合成 | 54 | 亚精胺、酪胺、肉桂醛等 |
| 1210 | 2-氧羧酸代谢 | 8 | 琥珀酸、L-天冬氨酸等 |

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