夏季饲养密度对生长猪生长性能及血清生化、免疫、抗氧化和应激指标的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.08.016

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摘要本试验旨在研究夏季饲养密度对生长猪生长性能及血清生化、免疫、抗氧化和应激指标的影响。选用日龄相近、健康的长×大二元杂交生长猪216头，平均体重为（24.64±0.13）kg，随机分为4个组，每组6个重复，单栏饲养。Ⅰ组每栏6头（1.52 m²/头），Ⅱ组每栏8头（1.14 m²/头），Ⅲ组每栏10头（0.91 m²/头），Ⅳ组每栏12头（0.76 m²/头）。试验期28 d。结果表明：1）随着饲养密度的增大，生长猪的平均日采食量（ADFI）和平均日增重（ADG）呈线性降低（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）呈线性升高（P<0.05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的ADFI、ADG和F/G均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）随着饲养密度的增大，生长猪的血清球蛋白（GLB）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T₃）、甲状腺素（T₄）浓度呈线性降低（P<0.05），血清葡萄糖（GLU）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）浓度均呈线性升高（P<0.05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清T₃、T₄、GLB、GLU浓度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）与Ⅱ组相比，Ⅳ组的血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）浓度均显著降低（P<0.05）。随着饲养密度的增大，生长猪的血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）浓度呈线性升高（P<0.05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清IgA、IgG、IL-1β浓度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。4）随着饲养密度的增大，生长猪的血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）浓度呈线性变化（P<0.05），血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）呈二次曲线变化（P<0.05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清CAT、SOD活性，T-AOC，MDA浓度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。5）随着饲养密度的增大，Ⅳ组的血清肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）浓度较Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组均显著升高（P<0.05），血清皮质醇（COR）浓度有升高趋势（0.05≤P<0.10）。由此可见，Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组生长猪的生长性能和血清生化、免疫、应激及抗氧化指标大部分无显著差异，且考虑到经济效益，Ⅱ组（1.14 m²/头）更适合夏季生长猪的生长，此时生长速率快，饲料转化率高，机体炎症应激水平低。

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关键词 ：饲养密度, 生长猪, 生长性能, 抗氧化, 免疫, 应激

Abstract：This experiment was conducted to study the effects of stocking density on growth performance and serum biochemical, immune, antioxidant and stress indices of growing pigs in summer. A total of 216 healthy Large White×Landrace growing pigs with similar age and initial weight of (24.64±0.13) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (pens) in each group. Stocking density of the four groups were modified by varying the number of pigs per pen (there were 6, 8, 10 and 12 pigs in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ, respectively), and the stocking densities of the 4 groups were 1.52, 1.14, 0.91 and 0.76 m² per head. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows:1) with the stocking density increasing, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of growing pigs were linearly decreased (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) was linearly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in ADFI, ADG and F/G between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P>0.05). 2) With the stocking density increasing, the concentrations of globulin (GLB), triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄) in serum of growing pigs were linearly decreased (P<0.05), and the concentrations of glucose (GLU) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum were linearly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of T₃, T₄, GLB and GLU in serum between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P>0.05). 3) Compared with group Ⅱ, the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and mmunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum of group Ⅳ were significantly decreased (P<0.05). With the stocking density increasing, the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum of growing pigs were linearly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of IgA, IgG and IL-1β in serum between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P>0.05). 4) With the stocking density increasing, the serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were linearly changed (P<0.05), and the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) presented a quadratic curve change (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CAT, SOD activities, T-AOC and MDA concentration between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P>0.05). 5) With the stocking density increasing, the serum adrenal cortex hormone (ACTH) concentration of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05), and the serum cortisol (COR) concentration had an increasing trend (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). In conclusion, there are no significant differences in growth performance and serum biochemical, immune, stress and antioxidant indices between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, and considering the economic benefits, group Ⅱ (1.14 m²/head) is more suitable for the growth of growing pigs (25 to 45 kg) in summer, which has the high growth rate and feed conversion rate and the low immunological stress.

Key words： stocking density growing pigs growth performance antioxidant immune stress

收稿日期: 2019-01-18

PACS:

S828

基金资助:国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0500506）

通讯作者: 高凤仙,教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:gaofx1964@163.com E-mail: gaofx1964@163.com

作者简介: 肖克权(1992-),男,河南信阳人,硕士,从事动物生产与畜牧工程研究。E-mail:965309687@qq.com

引用本文:

肖克权, 范小丫, 屈圣富, 钱煜良, 高凤仙. 夏季饲养密度对生长猪生长性能及血清生化、免疫、抗氧化和应激指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(8): 3551-3560.
XIAO Kequan, FAN Xiaoya, QU Shengfu, QIAN Yuliang, GAO Fengxian. Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical, Immune, Antioxidant and Stress Indices of Growing Pigs in Summer. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(8): 3551-3560.

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http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.08.016 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I8/3551

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