饲粮脂肪水平对3岁生茸期梅花鹿营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸组成的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.028

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摘要本试验旨在研究饲粮脂肪水平对3岁生茸期梅花鹿营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选取健康、平均体重为（115±23）kg的3岁雄性梅花鹿12头，随机分成3组（每组4个重复，每个重复1头），分别饲喂脂肪水平为2%（Ⅰ组）、4%（Ⅱ组）和6%（Ⅲ组）的试验饲粮，3种饲粮其他营养水平均一致。预试期7 d，正试期63 d。结果表明：1）Ⅰ组粗蛋白质消化率显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其他组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；随饲粮脂肪水平的升高，粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率极显著降低（P<0.01）；饲粮脂肪水平对干物质消化率无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组血清葡萄糖（GLU）含量极显著高于Ⅱ组（P<0.01），Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；饲粮脂肪水平对血清甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（CHO）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）Ⅰ组血清补体3（C3）含量显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；Ⅰ组血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），与Ⅱ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；饲粮脂肪水平对血清免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、补体4（C4）和胰岛素（INS）含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）Ⅱ组血清总蛋白（TP）含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），与Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；饲粮脂肪水平对血清白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）和尿素氮（UN）含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。5）Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度极显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.01），Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；Ⅱ组瘤胃液丙酸、戊酸浓度显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），与Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05）；饲粮脂肪水平对瘤胃液异丁酸和异戊酸浓度无显著影响（P>0.05）。从节约饲养成本及提高营养物质利用角度考虑，饲喂脂肪水平为2%的饲粮即可满足3岁生茸期梅花鹿健康生产需求。

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	钟伟
	鲍坤
	王晓旭
	孙伟丽
	刘晗璐
	崔学哲
	宁文春
	李光玉

关键词 ：脂肪水平, 梅花鹿, 营养物质消化率, 血清生化指标, 瘤胃, 挥发性脂肪酸

Abstract：This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary fat level on nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indexes and volatile fatty acid composition in rumen fluid of 3-year-old sika deer during velvet antler growth period. Twelve 3-year-old and healthy male sika deer with the average body weight of (115±23) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 1 deer per replicate, and they were fed experimental diets containing different fat levels. The diet fat levels were 2% (group Ⅰ), 4% (group Ⅱ) and 6% (group Ⅲ), respectively, and other nutrient levels were basically the same. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 63 days for trial period. The results showed as follows:1) the digestibility of crude protein in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among other groups (P>0.05). With the increase of dietary fat level, the digestibility of ether extract, calcium and phosphorus decreased significantly (P<0.01). Dietary fat level had no significant effect on dry matter digestibility (P>0.05). 2) Serum glucose (GLU) content in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed between groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Dietary fat level had no significant effects on serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents (P>0.05). 3) Serum complement 3 (C3) content in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) content in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05). Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement 4 (C4) and insulin (INS) contents were not significantly affected by dietary fat level (P>0.05). 4) Serum total protein (TP) content in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB) and urea nitrogen (UN) contents were not significantly affected by dietary fat level (P>0.05). 5) The concentrations of acetic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅲ (P<0.01), and the difference between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was not significant (P>0.05). The concentrations of propionic acid and valproic acid in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅲ (P<0.05), and the differences between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were not significant (P>0.05). There were no significant effects on the concentrations of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid among groups (P>0.05). From the perspective of saving feeding cost and improving nutrient efficiency, feeding a diet with a fat level of 2% is beneficial for 3-year-old sika deer to meet the healthy production demand during velvet antler growth period.

Key words： fat level sika deer nutrient digestibility serum biochemical indexes rumen volatile fatty acids

收稿日期: 2019-02-18

PACS:

S825

基金资助:中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2019-ISAPS）；吉林省医药健康技术攻关项目（20190304007YY）；吉林省自然科学基金项目（20170101034JC）

通讯作者: 李光玉,研究员,博士生导师,E-mail:tcslgy@126.com E-mail: tcslgy@126.com

作者简介: 钟伟(1980-),女,吉林永吉人,副研究员,博士研究生,从事特种经济动物营养代谢研究。E-mail:zhongwei8015@163.com

引用本文:

钟伟, 鲍坤, 王晓旭, 孙伟丽, 刘晗璐, 崔学哲, 宁文春, 李光玉. 饲粮脂肪水平对3岁生茸期梅花鹿营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸组成的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(9): 4162-4169.
ZHONG Wei, BAO Kun, WANG Xiaoxu, SUN Weili, LIU Hanlu, CUI Xuezhe, NING Wenchun, LI Guangyu. Effects of Dietary Fat Level on Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Volatile Fatty Acid Composition in Rumen Fluid of 3-Year-Old Sika Deer during Velvet Antler Growth Period. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(9): 4162-4169.

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http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.028 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I9/4162

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