豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长性能、蛋白质利用及肠道组织形态的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.040

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摘要本试验旨在研究豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长性能、蛋白质利用及肠道组织形态的影响，以确定乌鳢饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的适宜比例。以豆粕分别替代含45%鱼粉饲料中0（D1组）、20%（D2组）、30%（D3组）、40%（D4组）和60%（D5组）的鱼粉，配制成5种等氮（粗蛋白质含量44%）等脂（粗脂肪含量9%）的试验饲料，饲喂乌鳢6周。养殖试验在室内流水纤维玻璃钢桶（200 L）中进行，将225尾平均体重为（19.07±0.07） g的乌鳢随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复放养15尾。结果显示：豆粕替代不同比例的鱼粉对乌鳢的存活率（SR）没有显著影响（P>0.05）。D3、D4和D5组的增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率（PER）显著低于D1组（P<0.05），同时D4和D5组的饲料系数（FCR）显著高于D1、D2和D3组（P<0.05）；而D1和D2组间各生长性能指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。豆粕替代不同比例的鱼粉对乌鳢肌肉中粗蛋白质和粗灰分的含量没有显著影响（P>0.05），并且乌鳢肌肉水分和粗脂肪含量在D1、D2和D3组间均无显著差异（P>0.05），但D4和D5组肌肉水分含量显著低于D1组（P<0.05），粗脂肪含量显著高于D3组（P<0.05）。乌鳢肠道糜蛋白酶活性D1组与D2组无显著差异（P>0.05），但显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）；肠道胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶活性均以D5组最低，且D5组显著低于D1、D2组（P<0.05）。此外，豆粕替代30%~60%的鱼粉后，乌鳢肠道损伤明显，肠壁厚度不均匀，肠道褶皱短而稀疏。综上，在本试验条件下，从生长性能、蛋白质利用及肠道组织形态不受影响的角度考虑，在含45%鱼粉的乌鳢饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的比例不宜超过20%。

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	苗淑彦

关键词 ：乌鳢, 豆粕, 生长性能, 蛋白酶活性, 肠道组织形态

Abstract：This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal by soybean meal on growth performance, protein utilization and intestinal tissue morphology of Channa argus (C. argus), to obtain the suitable replacement proportion of fish meal by soybean meal in the diet of C. argus. A basal diet (group D1) was formulated using 45% fish meal as the main protein source, then different levels of soybean meal were used to replace 20% (group D2), 30% (group D3), 40% (group D4) and 60% (group D5) of fish meal on the basis of the basal diet, to made five isonitrogenous (crude protein content was 44%) and isoenergetic (crude lipid content was 9%) experimental diets. A total of 225 C. argus with the average body weight of (19.07±0.07) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group. Each group had 15 C. argus, which were stored in a 200 L indoor water fiberglass tank, and fed experimental diets for 6 weeks. The results showed that no significant difference in the survival rate (SR) was found among groups (P>0.05). The weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in groups D4 and D5 were significantly lower than those in group D1 (P<0.05). The feed conversion rate (FCR) in groups D4 and D5 was significantly higher than that in groups D1, D2 and D3 (P<0.05); there were no significant difference in growth performance indices between groups D1 and D2 (P>0.05). Soybean meal replaced different proportion of fish meal had no significant differences in the contents of crude protein and ash in muscle (P>0.05), and the contents of crude lipid and moisture in muscle were not significantly different among groups D1, D2 and D3 (P>0.05), while the moisture content in groups D4 and D5 was significantly lower than that in group D1 (P<0.05), and crude lipid was significantly higher than that in group D3 (P<0.05). The intestinal chymotrypsin activity in groups D4 and D5 had no significant difference (P>0.05), but significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05). The lowest intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities were found in group D5 (P<0.05), and significantly lower than those in groups D1 and D2 (P<0.05). In addition, obvious intestinal damage, including the uneven thickness of intestinal wall, the short and sparse intestinal folds, was found in the C. argus when replacing 30% to 60% fish meal with soybean meal. Taken together, considering the perspective of no effects on the growth performance, protein utilization and intestinal tissue morphology, the replacement proportion of fish meal by soybean meal should not exceed 20% in the C. argus diet which containing 45% fish meal.

Key words： Channa argus soybean meal growth performance protease activity intestinal tissue morphology

收稿日期: 2019-12-11

PACS:

S963

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（31972799）；江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201911117107Y）

通讯作者: 苗淑彦,副教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:shuyanmiao@126.com E-mail: shuyanmiao@126.com

作者简介: 张鑫(1999-),男,江苏泰兴人,本科生,研究方向为水生动物营养与饲料。E-mail:zhangxin_909@163.com

引用本文:

张鑫, 韩蓓, 胡俊涛, 刘令军, 陈越洋, 许文静, 苗淑彦. 豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长性能、蛋白质利用及肠道组织形态的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(6): 2799-2807.
ZHANG Xin, HAN Bei, HU Juntao, LIU Lingjun, CHEN Yueyang, XU Wenjing, MIAO Shuyan. Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal by Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Protein Utilization and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Channa argus. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(6): 2799-2807.

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http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.06.040 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2020/V32/I6/2799

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