Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Ambient Temperature Humidity Index on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Fattening Beef Cattle
NIU Huaxin, HU Zongfu, ZHANG Shi, WU Qiong, WEI Manlin, ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Hang, WANG Sizhen
College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
Abstract:The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary energy level and ambient temperature humidity index (THI) on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of fattening beef cattle. A 3×2 two-factor design was used. Thirty Chinese Simmental male cattle (grassland type group) with an initial body weight of (345.4±28.8) kg were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 5 replicates per group and 1 cattle per replicate. Beef cattle in the 6 groups were raised in 2 ambient THI-outdoor fence (THI=31) and solar greenhouse (THI=45), and fed 3 total mixed ratios (TMR) with low, middle and high energy levels[combined net energy (NEmf) levels were 6.46, 6.96 and 7.41 MJ/kg], respectively. The experiment included a 7-day pre-trial period and a 63-day trial period. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) of beef cattle was gradually decreased with the increase of dietary energy level, and low energy level group was significantly higher than high energy level group under THI=31 (P<0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of beef cattle was increased, while the feed/gain (F/G) of cattle was decreased with the increase of dietary energy level in 2 ambient THI, and the highest F/G was found in low energy level group under THI=31 which was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The interaction of dietary energy level and ambient THI had significant effects on DMI, ADG and F/G (P<0.05). The dry matter apparent digestibility of beef cattle in all energy level groups under THI=31 was significantly lower than that in all energy level groups under THI=45 (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility in all energy level groups under THI=45 was significantly higher than that in low energy level group under THI=31 (P<0.05). The acidic detergent fiber (ADF) apparent digestibility in all energy level groups under THI=45 and high energy level group under THI=31 was significantly higher than that in low energy level group under THI=31 (P<0.05). Dietary energy level, ambient THI, and their interaction significantly affected the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P<0.05). The serum glucose content of beef cattle in all energy level groups under THI=31 was significantly higher than that in all energy level groups under THI=45, while the serum total protein content was the opposite (P<0.05). The serum urea nitrogen content of beef cattle in low and middle energy level groups under THI=31 was significantly higher than that in all energy level groups under THI=45 (P<0.05), and it tended to decrease under THI=31 and THI=45 with the increase of dietary energy level. The interaction between dietary energy level and ambient THI had no significant effects on the serum biochemical indices of beef cattle except serum glucose content (P>0.05). In sum, when the diet NEmf is 6.96 MJ/kg and the ratio of roughage to concentrate feed is 45:55, the use of solar greenhouse culture in winter of cold areas can improve the nutrient apparent digestibility of diet and the growth performance of fattening beef cattle.
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NIU Huaxin, HU Zongfu, ZHANG Shi, WU Qiong, WEI Manlin, ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Hang, WANG Sizhen. Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Ambient Temperature Humidity Index on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Fattening Beef Cattle. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(7): 3190-3198.
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