饲粮能量水平和养殖环境温湿指数对育肥肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.029

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摘要本试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平和养殖环境温湿指数（THI）对育肥肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验采用3×2双因素设计，选用30头初始体重为（345.4±28.8）kg的中国西门塔尔牛（草原类型群）公牛，随机分为6组，每组5头，在2种养殖环境[室外围栏（THI=31）和日光棚（THI=45）]中分别饲喂低、中、高3种能量水平（综合净能水平分别为6.46、6.96和7.41 MJ/kg）的全混合日粮（TMR）。预试期7 d，正试期63 d。结果表明：在THI=31时，随饲粮能量水平的升高，育肥肉牛的干物质采食量（DMI）逐渐降低，且低能量水平组显著高于高能量水平组（P<0.05）。育肥肉牛的平均日增重（ADG）在2种养殖环境THI中均随着饲粮能量水平的升高而增加，而料重比（F/G）则均随着饲粮能量水平的升高而降低，以THI=31时低能量水平组最高，且显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。饲粮能量水平和养殖环境THI的交互作用对DMI、ADG和F/G均有显著影响（P<0.05）。THI=31时各能量水平组干物质表观消化率显著低于THI=45时各能量水平组（P<0.05）。THI=45时各能量水平组中性洗涤纤维（NDF）表观消化率显著高于THI=31时低能量水平组（P<0.05）。THI=45时各能量水平组和THI=31时高能量水平组酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率显著高于THI=31时低能量水平组（P<0.05）。饲粮能量水平、养殖环境THI及两者的交互作用均显著影响NDF和ADF表观消化率（P<0.05）。THI=31时各能量水平组血清葡萄糖含量显著高于THI=45时各能量水平组（P<0.05），而总蛋白含量反之。THI=31时低、中能量水平组血清尿素氮含量显著高于THI=45时各能量水平组（P<0.05），且其在THI=31和THI=45时均随饲粮能量水平的升高而降低。饲粮能量水平和养殖环境THI的交互作用对除葡萄糖含量外的其他血清生化指标未产生显著影响（P>0.05）。综上，当饲粮综合净能水平为6.96 MJ/kg、粗饲料与精饲料配比为45：55时，在寒冷地区冬季采用日光棚养殖可提高饲粮的营养物质表观消化率，改善育肥肉牛的生长性能。

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	牛化欣
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关键词 ：中国西门塔尔牛(草原类型群), 饲粮能量水平, 养殖环境温湿指数, 生长性能

Abstract：The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary energy level and ambient temperature humidity index (THI) on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of fattening beef cattle. A 3×2 two-factor design was used. Thirty Chinese Simmental male cattle (grassland type group) with an initial body weight of (345.4±28.8) kg were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 5 replicates per group and 1 cattle per replicate. Beef cattle in the 6 groups were raised in 2 ambient THI-outdoor fence (THI=31) and solar greenhouse (THI=45), and fed 3 total mixed ratios (TMR) with low, middle and high energy levels[combined net energy (NE_mf) levels were 6.46, 6.96 and 7.41 MJ/kg], respectively. The experiment included a 7-day pre-trial period and a 63-day trial period. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) of beef cattle was gradually decreased with the increase of dietary energy level, and low energy level group was significantly higher than high energy level group under THI=31 (P<0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of beef cattle was increased, while the feed/gain (F/G) of cattle was decreased with the increase of dietary energy level in 2 ambient THI, and the highest F/G was found in low energy level group under THI=31 which was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The interaction of dietary energy level and ambient THI had significant effects on DMI, ADG and F/G (P<0.05). The dry matter apparent digestibility of beef cattle in all energy level groups under THI=31 was significantly lower than that in all energy level groups under THI=45 (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility in all energy level groups under THI=45 was significantly higher than that in low energy level group under THI=31 (P<0.05). The acidic detergent fiber (ADF) apparent digestibility in all energy level groups under THI=45 and high energy level group under THI=31 was significantly higher than that in low energy level group under THI=31 (P<0.05). Dietary energy level, ambient THI, and their interaction significantly affected the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P<0.05). The serum glucose content of beef cattle in all energy level groups under THI=31 was significantly higher than that in all energy level groups under THI=45, while the serum total protein content was the opposite (P<0.05). The serum urea nitrogen content of beef cattle in low and middle energy level groups under THI=31 was significantly higher than that in all energy level groups under THI=45 (P<0.05), and it tended to decrease under THI=31 and THI=45 with the increase of dietary energy level. The interaction between dietary energy level and ambient THI had no significant effects on the serum biochemical indices of beef cattle except serum glucose content (P>0.05). In sum, when the diet NE_mf is 6.96 MJ/kg and the ratio of roughage to concentrate feed is 45:55, the use of solar greenhouse culture in winter of cold areas can improve the nutrient apparent digestibility of diet and the growth performance of fattening beef cattle.

Key words： Chinese Simmental beef cattle (grassland type group) dietary energy level ambient temperature humidity index growth performance

收稿日期: 2020-03-01

PACS:

S816

基金资助:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2018MS03022，2017MS0342，2018LH03013）；内蒙古自治区"草原英才工程"青年创新创业人才第一层次培养项目（Q2017022）；内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目（KCBJ2018026）；农业农村部畜牧兽医局项目"农牧交错带牛羊牧繁农育关键技术集成示范"（16190050）；内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY17204）

通讯作者: 王思珍,教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:wangsizheng@imun.edu.cn E-mail: wangsizheng@imun.edu.cn

作者简介: 牛化欣(1978-),男,山东菏泽人,教授,博士,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:niuhx@imun.edu.cn

引用本文:

牛化欣, 胡宗福, 张适, 吴琼, 魏曼琳, 张颖, 张航, 王思珍. 饲粮能量水平和养殖环境温湿指数对育肥肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(7): 3190-3198.
NIU Huaxin, HU Zongfu, ZHANG Shi, WU Qiong, WEI Manlin, ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Hang, WANG Sizhen. Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Ambient Temperature Humidity Index on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Fattening Beef Cattle. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(7): 3190-3198.

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http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.07.029 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2020/V32/I7/3190

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