脂肪添加水平及不同脂肪源添加比例对荷斯坦牛养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.034

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摘要本试验旨在研究脂肪添加水平及不同脂肪源添加比例对荷斯坦牛养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选取4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、年龄为（2.50±0.17）岁、体重为（580±50） kg的荷斯坦公牛，采用3×4两因素试验设计，在基础饲粮中添加过瘤胃不饱和脂肪和整粒胡麻籽2种脂肪源，脂肪添加水平分别占饲粮干物质的4%、5%和6%，2种脂肪源添加比例分别为100/0、85/15、70/30、55/45，以脂肪添加水平/脂肪源添加比例表示12个组，分别为4/100、4/85、4/70、4/55、5/100、5/85、5/70、5/55、6/100、6/85、6/70、6/55组。试验分为12个阶段，每个阶段预试期14 d，正试期5 d。结果表明：1）4%和5%脂肪组粗蛋白质和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率极显著高于6%脂肪组（P<0.01）。2）5%和6%脂肪组血清脂肪酸甘油三酯脂肪酶、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-Ⅰ和3-羟基-3甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶的活性极显著高于4%脂肪组（P<0.01）。6%脂肪组血清总蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量分别极显著（P<0.01）和显著（P<0.05）高于4%脂肪组，70/30比例组的血清总蛋白含量显著高于其余比例组（P<0.05），5%和6%脂肪组的血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量极显著高于4%脂肪组（P<0.01），4%脂肪组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于6%脂肪组（P<0.05）。综上所述，从养分表观消化率和血清生化指标综合来看，脂肪添加水平以4%~5%、不同脂肪源添加比例（过瘤胃不饱和脂肪/胡麻籽）以70/30最为适宜。

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	曹名玉
	杨致玲
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	王亚茹
	许鹏
	段增亮
	张拴林
	刘强
	郭刚

关键词 ：过瘤胃不饱和脂肪, 胡麻籽, 表观消化率, 血清生化指标

Abstract：The objective of present research was to study the effects of fat addition level and different ratios of fat sources on nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Holstein steers. Four (2.50±0.17)-year-old Holstein steers [average body weight of (580±50) kg] with permanent rumen fistula were fed a basal diet consisting of corn silage and concentrate supplement, which was added with 2 sources of fat (calcium salts of flaxseed fatty acids vs. whole flaxseed) at 3 addition levels (4%, 5% and 6%) and with 4 different ratios (100/0, 85/15, 70/30 and 5/45) in a 3×4 two-factorial design. Fat addition level/ratio in the twelve groups were 4/100, 4/85, 4/70, 4/55, 5/100, 5/85, 5/70, 5/55, 6/100, 6/85, 6/70 and 6/55, respectively. The experiment was divided into 12 stages, and the first 14 d of each stage was an adjustment period and the following 5 d was for sample collection. The results showed as follows: 1) the apparent digestibilities of crude protein and acid detergent fiber in 4% and 5% fat group were very significantly higher than those in the 6% fat group (P<0.01). 2) The activities of serum fatty acid triglyceride lipase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-Ⅰ and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase in 5% and 6% fat groups were very significantly higher than those in the 4% fat group (P<0.01). The contents of serum total protein and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in 6% fat group were significantly higher than those in 4% fat group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The content of serum total protein in 70/30 ratio group was significantly higher than that in other ratio groups (P<0.05). The content of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the 5% and 6% fat groups was significantly higher than that in the 4% fat group (P<0.01), the content of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the 4% fat group was significantly higher than that in the 6% fat group (P<0.05). In conclusion, based on data of nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices, the optimum fat addition level is 4% to 5%, and the optimum of different fat source ratios (rumen undegradable unsaturated fat /flaxseed) is 70/30.

Key words： rumen undegradable unsaturated fat flaxseed apparent digestibility serum biochemical indices

收稿日期: 2020-08-18

PACS:

S823

基金资助:健康功能畜产品生产技术研究与应用（201703D211001-05-04）；山西现代农业牛产业技术体系（20-05）；山西省科技攻关项目（20140311022-2）

通讯作者: 张拴林,教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:shuanlinzhang@126.com E-mail: shuanlinzhang@126.com

作者简介: 曹名玉(1995-),男,山西翼城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:851971682@qq.com

引用本文:

曹名玉, 杨致玲, 谭亚楠, 王亚茹, 许鹏, 段增亮, 张拴林, 刘强, 郭刚. 脂肪添加水平及不同脂肪源添加比例对荷斯坦牛养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(3): 1523-1533.
CAO Mingyu, YANG Zhiling, TAN Yanan, WANG Yaru, XU Peng, DUAN Zengliang, ZHANG Shuanlin, LIU Qiang, GUO Gang. Effects of Fat Addition Level and Different Ratios of Fat Sources on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Holstein Steers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(3): 1523-1533.

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