本试验旨在研究环境温度和维生素A(VA）对育成期(12～17周龄）笼养公鸭睾丸发育及相关激素的影响。选取12周龄金定公鸭144只，采用2×3两因素交互试验设计，随机分配到适宜舍温［(18±1) ℃］和较低舍温［(2±1) ℃］下的3个VA水平组(4 000、10 000和15 000 IU/kg）中，每组6个重复，每个重复4只试鸭。结果表明：(1）环境温度对三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3）和甲状腺素(T4）影响极显著(P＜0.01），对胰岛素影响不显著(P>0.05）；VA水平对T3影响不显著(P>0.05），对T4影响极显著(P＜0.01），对胰岛素影响不显著(P>0.05）；环境温度和VA水平对胰岛素有交互作用(P＜0.05）；(2）环境温度对血清促卵泡生成激素(FSH）影响显著(P＜0.05），对血清促黄体生成激素(LH）和血清睾酮(T）影响极显著(P＜0.01），VA水平对FSH和T影响不显著(P>0.05），对LH影响显著(P＜0.05）；(3）环境温度对睾丸相对重量和睾丸相对长度影响显著(P＜0.05）；VA水平对睾丸相对重量和相对长度影响均不显著(P>0.05）。本试验条件下，15 000 IU/kg的VA能有效地调节较低舍温对激素水平产生的影响，使其与正常生理水平相接近，10 000 IU/kg的VA能降低较低舍温对睾丸发育造成的不利影响。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of environmental temperature and vitamin A on testicular development and relative hormones of rearing drake (12～17 weeks) in cage. A 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatment was employed with 2 temperature levels (suitable indoor temperature (18±1) ℃ and lower indoor temperature (2±1) ℃) and 3 vitamin A levels (4 000, 10 000 and 15 000 IU/kg) .One hundred and forty-four drakes were randomly allotted into 6 groups and each group contained 6 replicates with 4 drakes. The results showed as follows: 1) environmental temperature significantly affected triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) (P＜0.01) but had not significant influenceon insulin (P>0.05). The T4 level was significantly affected by vitamin A levels (P＜0.01); however, T3 and insulin were not significantly affected by vitamin A levels (P>0.05). There was significant effect of interaction of environmental temperature and vitamin A levels on insulin level (P＜0.05); 2) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (P＜0.05), luteinzing hormone (LH) (P＜0.01) and testosterone (T) in serum (P＜0.01) were significantly influenced by environmental temperature. Vitamin A levels significantly affected LH level (P＜0.05), but had not significantly influenced on the level of FSH and T (P>0.05); 3） testicular relative weight and testicular relative length were significantly influenced by environmental temperature (P＜0.05), however, vitamin A levels did not influence testicular relative weight and testicular relative length (P>0.05). In conclusion, it would appear from the results of the present study that 15 000 IU/kg vitamin A could efficiently regulate the thyroid hormone levels which were influenced by lower indoor temperature, and make them closed to normal physiology standard; and the 10 000 IU/kg vitamin A could reduce the adverse effects of lower indoor temperature on testicular development of drakes.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2009，21(6）:829-833］