本试验旨在研究开食料中玉米和全脂大豆的粉碎、蒸汽压片及膨化处理与犊牛瘤胃的酶系发育的关系。试验采用12头（21±3）日龄荷斯坦公犊牛，随机分为3组，挤压膨化组、蒸汽压片组及对照组（常规粉碎组），分别饲喂采用不同加工方式的玉米和大豆配制成的开食料。试验期为3~13周龄，每周采集犊牛瘤胃液测定瘤胃中纤维素酶（包括内切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、微晶纤维素酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶）、淀粉酶（包括淀粉酶和α-D-葡萄糖苷酶）和蛋白酶活性。结果表明：1)挤压膨化组犊牛瘤胃中α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶活性均随犊牛周龄的增长而显著增加（P＜0.05），而其他酶活性受犊牛周龄变化影响不显著（P＞0.05）。2）蒸汽压片组犊牛瘤胃内切葡聚糖酶和淀粉酶的活性随犊牛周龄增长在数据上明显增加，但统计上无显著差异（P＞0.05）；纤维素酶、微晶纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性受犊牛周龄影响显著（P＜0.05）；木聚糖酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶则随犊牛周龄的增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）。3）对照组犊牛瘤胃中8种酶活性均受犊牛周龄的影响不显著（P＞0.05）。结果提示：犊牛瘤胃中的纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶系均受犊牛周龄和开食料中玉米和全脂大豆加工方式以及二者的互作影响，但变化规律各不一致。开食料中玉米和全脂大豆的蒸汽压片处理有助于犊牛瘤胃中内切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶的建立。
The experiment was conducted to study the relationship between different processing methods (ground, steam-flake or extrusion) of corn and full fat soybean in starter diets and enzyme development in the rumen of calves. Twelve Holstein bull calves, aged (21±3) days, were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. Calves in the 3 groups were fed starter diets with extruded (group EXCS), steam-flaked (group SFCS), and ground corn and full fat soybeans (group CON). The experiment lasted from 3 to 13 weeks of age. The rumen fluid was collected once a week to determine the activities of rumen cellulases (CMCase, β-glycosidase, avicelase, filterase and xylanase), amylases (amylase and α-D-glycosidase) and proteinase. The results showed as follows: 1) the activities of α-D-glycosidase and proteinase in the rumen of calves in group EXCS were significantly increased with the week-age (P<0.05), while the activities of other enzymes were not affected by the changing of week-age (P＞0.05). 2) The activities of CMCase and amylases in the rumen of calves in group SFCS were numerically increased but not significantly affected (P＞0.05); the activities of filterase, avicelase and β-glycosidase were significantly affected by the changing of week-age (P<0.05); the activities of xylanase, α-D-glycosidase and proteinase were increased significantly with week-age (P<0.05). 3) The eight kinds of enzymes in the rumen of calves in group CON were not affected by the changing of week-age (P＞0.05). The results indicate that ruminal cellulases, amylases and proteinase can be affected by the increasing of week-age and the processing methods of corn and full fat soybean in calves’ starter diet as well as the interaction, but their variability is unconformity. The steam-flake treatment of corn and full fat soybean helps the endoglucanases and β-glycosidase to construct in the rumen.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23（5）：740 -747］
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