铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)按相同的比例，分别以无机微量元素、氨基酸微量元素（Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的添加量为无机微量元素的50%）和氨基酸微量元素组合体（Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的添加量为无机微量元素的50%）的形式添加到罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的基础饲料中，组成3种试验饲料，以不添加微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的基础饲料（粗蛋白质32%，总能14 MJ/kg）为对照饲料，分别投喂平均体重为(27.2±0.1) g的吉富罗非鱼（每组设3个重复，每个重复30尾鱼）8周，研究不同来源微量元素对罗非鱼生长、代谢和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果表明：饲料中补充微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu可以显著改善罗非鱼的生长性能、肝胰脏代谢酶活性和非特异性免疫力（P<0.05）。氨基酸微量元素组和氨基酸微量元素组合体组罗非鱼的特定生长率，蛋白质效率，肝胰脏谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性以及血清过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性均显著高于无机微量元素组（P<0.05）。由此得出，氨基酸微量元素可以改善罗非鱼的生长性能，提高非特异性免疫力，且其作用效果优于无机微量元素，在生产实践中值得推广。
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sources of trace elements on growth, metabolism and non-specific immunity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The basal diet was formulated to contain crude protein 32% and gross energy 14 MJ/kg, as control diet (diet 1). Three experimental diets were formulated containing iron, zinc, manganese and copper from the inorganic trace elements (diet 2), amino acid chelated trace elements (diet 3) and complex amino acid chelated trace elements (diet 4) with the same basal diet, respectively. Diets 3 and 4 contained the same amount of trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese and copper) at a half level in diet 2, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks of genetically improved farmed tilapia [(average body weight of (27.2±0.1) g], and each tank was stocked with 30 fish. The results showed as follows: trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese and copper) supplementation could significantly improve the growth performance, activities of metabolic enzymes in hepatopancreas and non-specific immunity of tilapia (P<0.05). Fish fed the diet containing amino acid chelated trace elements or complex amino acid chelated trace elements had significantly higher specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, total superoxide dismutase and CuZn-superoxide dismutase in hepatopancreas, and activities of catalase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in serum than fish fed the diet containing inorganic trace elements (P<0.05). The results suggest that the amino acid chelated trace elements can improve the growth performance and non-specific immunity of tilapia and they are more bioavailable than the inorganic trace elements. Therefore, amino acid chelated trace elements can become a safe and efficacious additive supplemented to the diets for tilapia.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23（5）：763 -770］
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