本试验旨在通过研究鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠套管中食糜、食糜干物质、肠液及肠液总蛋白流量的日内及日间变异，探讨以T型套管获取鸡肠道食糜样品的生物学特性，为鸡体外模拟消化方法的建立提供参考。采用3×6(日期×时间)完全随机设计，从健康的35只十二指肠、32只空肠及33只回肠荷术鸡中分别随机选取15只试验鸡，每组荷术鸡随机分成5个重复，每个重复3只鸡。术后第31天、第34天、第37天每4 h采集1次食糜，每采集1 h后间隔3 h。测定通过T型套管获得的食糜、食糜干物质、肠液及肠液总蛋白的流量。结果表明，荷术鸡的体重在术后25 d与术前无显著差异（P>0.05），术后120 d试验鸡健康正常的比例约为80%。肠段不同部位安装T型套管的试验鸡在术后恢复上无显著差异（P>0.05）。在沿十二指肠、空肠和回肠的纵向长度上，食糜、食糜干物质及肠液流量依次降低。日内采样时间对十二指肠、空肠、回肠套管内食糜、食糜干物质、肠液及肠液总蛋白流量有显著影响（P<0.05）。在不同采样日间的差异上，十二指肠套管内食糜、食糜干物质及肠液流量，空肠套管内食糜、肠液及肠液总蛋白流量有日间差异（P<0.05）。由此可知，荷术鸡经25 d可完全康复，利用时限在4个月以上。在自由采食、自然光照条件下，鸡小肠食糜、食糜干物质、肠液及肠液总蛋白流量上呈现白天流量大，夜间流量小的变异规律，而且在日间的平均流量上也存在差异。
The variation of digesta flow in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of layer-type cockerels fitted with T-shaped cannula was investigated to study the biological character of intestinal digesta, which would provide a reference for developing in vitro digestion method in poultry feed evaluation. A 3×6 factorial completely randomized design with 3 digesta collection day and 6 digesta collection time per day was adopted. Fifteen birds in 3 groups were selected from 35 duodenal, 32 jejunal and 33 ileal cannulated cockerels, respectively, and each group was allotted into 5 replicates with 3 birds per replicate. The digesta was collected for 1 h out of every 4 h on d 31, 34 and 37 of the experiment. The flow of intestinal digesta, digesta dry matter, intestinal fluid, and total protein were determined. The results showed that no significant difference was found between the body weight on day 1 before cannulation operation and that on day 25 after operation （P>0.05）. The percentage of cannulated cockerels in good health was about 80% on day 120 after operation. There was no significant difference of survival ratio in 3 groups of cannulated cockerels （P>0.05）. The flow per hour of digesta, digesta dry matter and intestinal fluid was reduced from duodenum to ileum. Collection time in day cycle significantly affected the flow of digesta, digesta dry matter, intestinal fluid and total protein （P<0.05）. The significant differences were found in average flow of digesta, digesta dry matter and intestinal fluid in duodenum, flow of digesta and intestinal fluid in jejunum, as well as total protein of jejunal fluid on different collection days （P<0.05）. In conclusion, the cannulated cockerels can recover after 25 days and survive for at least 4 months. On ad libitum diet and natural light, the flow of digesta, digesta dry matter, intestinal fluid and total protein are more in daytime than night, and fluctuate on different collection days.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23（5）：789 -798］
［1］DIXON J M, WILKINSON W S. Surgical technique for the exteriorization of the uretres of the chicken[J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1957, 18:665-667.
[2]JOHNS D C, LOW C K, JAMES K A. Comparison of amino acid digestibility using the ileal digesta from growing chickens and cannulated adult cockerels[J]. British Poultry Science, 1986, 27:679-685.
[3]赵峰,张子仪,侯水生.鸭的空肠食糜连续采集方法及其空肠套管的设计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006, 37(7):672-675.
[4]ZHAO F, HOU S S, ZHANG H F, et al. Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein content on the activities of digestive enzymes in jejunal fluid of peking ducks[J]. Poultry Science, 2007, 86:1690-1695.
[5]赵峰,张宏福,侯水生,等.鸭空肠液中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性变异的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(5):601-607.
[6]SAS INSTITUTE. SAS/STAT user’s guide[M]. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 2004.
[7]BORGO G D, HARRISON P C, MCGINNIS J. A methord for cannulation of pancreatic ducts in young chicks[J]. Poultry Science, 1968, 47:1818-1820.
[8]HULAN H W, MOREAU G, BIRD F H. A methord for cannulating the main pancreatic duct of chickens: the continuous collection of avian pancreatic juice[J]. Poultry Science, 1972, 51:531-536.
[9]RAHARJO Y, FARRELL D J. A new biological method for determining amino acid digestibility in poultry feedstuffs using a simple cannula, and the influence of dietary fibre on endogenous amino acid output[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1984, 12:29-45.
[10]GURNSEY M P, JAMES K A C. An improved methord of ileal cannulation of adult cockerels[J]. Research in Veterinary Science, 1985, 39:390-391.
[11]KOMAREK R J. Intestinal cannulation of cattle and sheep with a T-shaped cannula designed for total digesta collection without externalizing digesta flow[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1981, 53:796-802.
[12]HORIGANE A, ARAKI T, HORIGANE A K, et al. Technical note: development of a duodenal cannula for sheep[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70:1216-1219.
[13]STEIN H H, SHIPLEY C F, EASTER R A. Technical note: a technique for insterting a T-cannula into the distal ileum of pregnant sows[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1996, 76:1433-1436.
[14]赵峰.用酶法评定鸭饲料代谢能的方法学研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2006.
[15]赵峰,刘雨田,张宏福.饲粮蛋白质来源对蛋鸡小肠液组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1279-1285.
[16]张铁鹰.植酸酶体外消化评定技术的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2002.
[17]SAVORY C J. Temporal control of feeding behaviour and its association with gastrointestinal function[J]. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1999, 283:339-347.
[18]BUYSEA J, ADELSOHNB D S, DECUYPEREA E, et al. Diurnal-nocturnal changes in food intake, gut storage of ingesta, food transit time and metabolism in growing broiler chickens: a model for temporal control of energy balance[J]. British Poultry Science, 1993, 34:699-709.
[19]SAVORY C J. Effects of different lighting regimes on diurnal feeding patterns of the domestic fowl[J]. British Poultry Science, 1976, 17:341-350.
[20]SAVORY C J. Broiler growth and feeding behaviour in three different lighting regimes[J]. British Poultry Science, 1976, 17:557-560.
[21]王和民,张子仪.畜禽饲养[M].合肥：安徽科学技术出版社，1987:33-38.
京公网安备 11010802041926号