本试验旨在研究不同外源寡糖对奶山羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响。试验选用6只平均体重为(32.80±2.45) kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的崂山奶山羊,采用分期分组试验设计。各组羊饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)以及分别在基础饲粮中添加1%甘露寡糖(MOS组)、半乳甘露寡糖(GMOS组)、寡木糖(XOS组)、低聚异麦芽糖(IMO组)、果寡糖(FOS组)的试验饲粮。共进行4期试验,每期23 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期9 d。于晨饲前(0 h),晨饲后2、4、6、8 h以及晚饲前(晨饲后10 h)采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃液中细菌总数以及纤维素分解菌、原虫和真菌数量。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃液细菌总数趋于增加,仅晨饲前MOS组显著提高(P<0.05);试验组瘤胃液纤维素分解菌数量有所提高,其中MOS组(0 h)、GMOS组(0、2、4 h)、FOS组(0、2、4 h)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组瘤胃液原虫数量有所提高,其中MOS组(2和4 h)、XOS组(4 h)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组瘤胃液真菌数量有所提高,其中GMOS组和FOS组(0 h)极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),MOS组(2 h)、IMO组(2 h)、FOS组(2 h)、MOS组(4 h)、FOS组(6 h)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。细菌总数、纤维素分解菌和原虫数量呈先下降后上升趋势,真菌数量呈先上升后下降趋势。本试验条件下,添加不同外源寡糖对瘤胃微生物影响有所差异,其中甘露寡糖、半乳甘露寡糖和果寡糖对瘤胃液纤维素分解菌、原虫和真菌的增殖作用较明显。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different exogenous oligosaccharides on rumen microflora of dairy goats. Six Laoshan dairy goats with an average body weight of (32.80±2.45) kg, fitted with permanent rumen cannula, were used in a staging and grouping design. The goats were fed a basal diet (control group) and the basal diet supplemented with 1% mannose-oligosaccharides (group MOS), galactomannan-oligosaccharides (group GMOS), xylo-oligosaccharides (group XOS), isomalto-oligosaccharides (group IMO) and fructo-oligosaccharides (group FOS), respectively. The experiment consisted of 4 stages with 23 d in each stage and 14-day pre-experimental period followed with 9-day experimental period per stage. Rumen liquid was collected for the analysis of number of total bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, protozoa and fungi after 0 h(before feeding), 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h(before feeding) of feeding in the morning. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, the number of rumen liquid total bacteria in experimental groups trended to increase, but only that in the group MOS (0 h) was significantly increased (P<0.05); the number of rumen liquid cellulose-decomposing bacteria in experimental groups was increased, and that in groups MOS (0 h), GMOS (0, 2 and 4 h) and FOS (0, 2 and 4 h) was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the number of rumen liquid protozoa in experimental groups was increased, and that in groups MOS (2 and 4 h) and XOS (4 h) was significantly increased (P<0.05); the number of rumen liquid fungi in experimental groups was increased, and there were significant increments in groups GMOS and FOS (0 h, P<0.01), as well as in groups MOS (2 h), IMO (2 h), FOS (2 h), MOS (4 h)and FOS (6 h)(P<0.05). The number of rumen liquid total bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and protozoa trended to decrease at first and then increase, but that of fungi showed an opposite trend. The results indicate that different exogenous oligosaccharides have different effects on rumen microflora, furthermore, the improvements of mannose-oligosaccharides, galactomannan-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides on rumen liquid cellulose-decomposing bacteria, protozoa, and fungi are more obvious.
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