本试验旨在研究益生菌对犊牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为4组,每组公母各1/2,分别饲喂基础饲粮(A组,由代乳粉、开食料和羊草组成)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(B组)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的复合菌(C组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1∶ 1)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的复合菌(D组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1∶ 1∶ 1)。每头牛食入益生菌总数为2×1010 CFU/d。试验期共8周,分0~2周龄、2~4周龄、4~6周龄和6~8周龄4期。每2周空腹称重、测量体尺、采血1次,每天记录采食量和粪便评分情况。试验0~8周龄,B组的平均日增重显著高于A组(P<0.05),试验各组的料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);第8周龄时,B组和D组的体躯指数均显著高于A组(P<0.05);试验各组采食量和犊牛粪便评分差异不显著(P>0.05);血清生化指标不受本试验处理因素影响(P>0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌单菌提高了犊牛0~8周龄的平均日增重和8周龄的体躯指数,添加地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳 酸杆菌的复合菌提高了犊牛8周龄的体躯指数,添加益生菌对犊牛血清生化指标没有显著影响。
This study examined the effects of different combinations of probiotics on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters in preruminant Chinese Holstein calves. Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 males and 3 females in each group. Calves were offered a basal diet including milk replacer, starter diet and Chinese wildrye (control diet, group A), a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis (group B), a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (group C), and a basal diet supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum (group D), respectively. The ratio of each microbial strain for group C and group D was 1∶ 1 and 1∶ 1∶ 1 in the bacterial counts, respectively. Each calf was offered 2×1010 CFU of probiotics per day. The total trial period was 8 weeks, and divided into 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 weeks for each period. Body weight and body measurement were recorded and blood samples were collected fortnightly, feed intake and fecal score were recorded every day. The results showed that in the trial of 0-8 weeks, average daily gain of calves in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A (P<0.05), but F/G had no differences among four groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trial, body structure index in groups B and D was higher than that in the group A (P<0.05). The probiotics did not affect dry matter intake, fecal score and serum biochemical parameters of calves in four groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that adding Bacillus licheniformis into the diet for calves can increase average daily gain of calves in the trial of 0-8 weeks and body structure index at the end of the trial, and adding Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum into the diet for calves can increase body structure index at the end of the trial. However, adding probiotics into the diet for calves has no effect on serum biochemical parameters of animals.
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