奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律

夏科; 姚庆; 李富国; 李敏; 段春宇; 郗伟斌; 张永根

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.04.023

动物营养学报 >

2012 , Vol. 24 >Issue 4: 769 - 777

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.04.023

研究简报

奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律

夏科 ,
姚庆 ,
李富国 ,
李敏 ,
段春宇 ,
郗伟斌 ,
张永根

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1. 东北农业大学动物科学技术学院, 哈尔滨 150030;
2. 沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院, 沈阳 110886

收稿日期: 2011-10-25

网络出版日期: 2012-03-30

基金资助

农业部现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系(nycytx0202);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-036-06)

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Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Commonly Used Roughages for Dairy Cows

XIA Ke ,
YAO Qing ,
LI Fuguo ,
LI Min ,
DUAN Chunyu ,
XI Weibin ,
ZHANG Yonggen

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1. Northeast Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Harbin 150030, China;
2. College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110886, China

Received date: 2011-10-25

Online published: 2012-03-30

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摘要

本试验旨在研究2种苜蓿、黑龙江2种含杂量不同羊草(杂草率分别为10%、34%)、全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮和玉米秸秆共7种粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性。试验选用8头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法评定其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解率和有效降解率。结果表明,美国安德森一级苜蓿、全株玉米青贮和黑龙江公农1号苜蓿三者72 h DM降解率差异不显著(P>0.05),并显著高于其他4种粗饲料(P<0.05),而DM有效降解率以美国安德森一级苜蓿最高,并与依次降低的黑龙江公农1号苜蓿、全株玉米青贮和玉米秸秆青贮差异显著(P<0.05),羊草与玉米秸秆的DM有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。72 h CP降解率及有效降解率以美国安德森一级苜蓿最高,且降解率与依次降低的黑龙江公农1号苜蓿、全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮、杂草率为10%的羊草、玉米秸秆和杂草率为34%的羊草间差异显著(P<0.05)。全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮72 h NDF降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05);而有效降解率以2种苜蓿较高,其次为玉米秸秆青贮与全株玉米青贮;降解率和有效降解率最低的均为杂草率为34%的羊草。因此,从7种粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃的消化特性来看:1)美国安德森一级苜蓿营养价值最高,杂草率为34%的羊草与玉米秸秆营养价值较低;2)羊草的品质受杂草率的影响;3)青贮能改善玉米秸秆的品质。

关键词： 粗饲料; 瘤胃降解; 奶牛

本文引用格式

夏科 , 姚庆 , 李富国 , 李敏 , 段春宇 , 郗伟斌 , 张永根 . 奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012 , 24(4) : 769 -777 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.04.023

Abstract

This trial was conducted to study the rumen degradation characteristics of seven types of roughages: two kinds of alfalfa (American Anderson level 1 alfalfa and Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa), two kinds of Leymus chinensis with different contents of weeds (10% or 34%), corn silage, corn stover silage and corn stover. Nylon-bag technique was used to evaluate the rumen degradation rates and effective degradabilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of these roughages. The results showed as follows: DM degradation rates of American Anderson level 1 alfalfa, corn silage and Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa at 72 h were not significantly different (P>0.05), and were significantly higher than those of the other roughages. DM effective degradability of American Anderson level 1 alfalfa was significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa, corn silage and corn stover silage (P<0.05); Leymus chinensis and corn stover had the lower DM effective degradability than others (P<0.05). CP degradation rate and effective degradability of American Anderson level 1 alfalfa were the highest at 72 h among seven types of roughages, and the degradation rate was significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang Gongnong No.1 alfalfa, corn silage, corn stover silage, Leymus chinensis with 10% weeds, corn stover and Leymus chinensis with 34% weeds (P<0.05). NDF degradation rates of corn silage and corn stover silage at 72 h were significantly higher than those of the other roughages (P<0.05), but NDF effective degradabilities of two kinds of alfalfa were higher and followed by corn stover silage and corn silage; both NDF degradation rate and effective degradability of Leymus chinensis with 34% weeds were the lowest. In conclusion, for the degradation characteristics of seven types of roughages: 1) American Anderson level 1 alfalfa has the highest nutritional value, while Leymus chinensis with 34% weeds and corn stover have the lowest; 2) the content of weeds affects the nutritional value of Leymus chinensis; 3) the process of making silage can improve the nutritional value of corn stover.

Key words： roughages; rumen degradation; dairy cows

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