本文旨在研究和比较不同硒源及水平对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生长性能、组织硒含量和抗氧化功能的影响,并探讨在生产中应用较低水平(0.20 mg/kg)有机硒替代较高水平(0.30 mg/kg)无机硒的可行性。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)及在基础饲粮中添加0.30 mg/kg硒(以亚硒酸钠形式)(SS组)、0.20 mg/kg硒(以酵母硒形式)(SYⅠ组)、0.30 mg/kg硒(以酵母硒形式)(SYⅡ组)和0.30 mg/kg混合硒(亚硒酸钠和酵母硒形式硒各0.15 mg/kg)(MS组)的试验饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)SYⅡ组肉鸡前期平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),饲粮添加各水平有机硒均显著降低了肉鸡全期平均日采食量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)与对照组和SS组相比,添加各水平有机硒均显著提高了肉鸡胸肌中的硒含量(P<0.01),且以SYⅡ组最高,显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);SYⅠ组和SYⅡ组肉鸡血浆中的硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加各水平有机硒均显著提高了42 d肉鸡肝脏中的硒含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)在试验前期(1~21 d),较SS组,SYⅡ组肉鸡血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性均显著提高(P<0.05);较对照组,SS组、SYⅠ组和SYⅡ组肉鸡肝脏T-SOD的活性均显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在试验后期(22~42 d),较对照组,SS组、SYⅠ组和SYⅡ组肉鸡血浆和肝脏GSH-Px的活性均显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),各添加有机硒组肉鸡的血浆丙二醛含量均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组相比,MS组肉鸡肝脏过氧化氢酶(P<0.05)和GSH-Px的活性均显著提高(P<0.01)。由此可知,饲粮添加0.30 mg/kg酵母硒能够提高肉鸡组织硒沉积量,对其生长性能和抗氧化功能的改善效果最佳;饲粮添加0.20 mg/kg的酵母硒替代0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠,在改善肉鸡的生长性能、提高组织硒含量和抗氧化功能方面是可行的。
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, tissue Se content and antioxidant capacity of broilers, and to investigate the feasibility of using 0.20 mg/kg organic Se replacing 0.30 mg/kg inorganic Se in poultry production. Six hundred 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned into five groups with six replicates per group and twenty broilers per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet without Se supplementation (control) or the basal diet adding 0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of sodium selenite (SS), 0.20 mg/kg Se in the form of Se-yeast (SYⅠ), 0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of Se-yeast (SY Ⅱ) and 0.30 mg/kg mixed Se (0.15 mg/kg SS+0.15 mg/kg SY) (MS), respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers in SYⅡ group was significantly lower than that in the control group in the starter period (1 to 21 days) (P<0.05), and adding organic selenium significantly decreased ADFI of broilers in the whole period (1 to 42 days) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Compared with the SS group and SS group, adding organic selenium significantly increased Se content in breast muscle of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and Se content in SYⅡ group was significantly higher that in the other groups (P<0.01). Plasma Se content of broilers in SYⅠ and SYⅡ groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Adding organic selenium significantly increased Se content in liver of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3) In the starter period, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities of broilers in SYⅡ group were significantly increased compared with SS group (P<0.05); the T-SOD activity in liver of broilers in SS, SYⅠ and SYⅡ groups was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the finishing period (22 to 42 days), the GSH-Px activity in plasma and liver of broilers in SS, SYⅠ and SYⅡ groups was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), plasma malondialdehyde content of broilers in the groups added organic Se was significantly decreased compared with the other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the activities of catalase (P<0.05) and GSH-Px (P<0.01) in liver in MS group were significantly increased compared with the control group. In conclusion, by increasing tissue Se content, the improvement of growth performance and antioxidant capacity of broilers in SYⅡ group is the best. Furthermore, 0.30 mg/kg inorganic Se replaced by 0.20 mg/kg organic Se has the same effects on improving growth performance, antioxidant capacity and tissue selenium content of broilers.
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