在一种实用饲料配方的基础上,分别添加1.5%的鱼油、豆油、菜籽油、亚麻籽油和猪油作为单一脂肪源,配制成5种等氮等能(粗蛋白质含量35%,总能15 MJ/kg)的试验饲料,通过8周的饲养试验,以研究饲料中不同脂肪源对鲤鱼生长性能、体组成、肝胰脏脂质代谢相关酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响。选取平均初重为(5.83±0.01) g的鲤鱼750尾,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼。结果表明:特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、饲料系数(FCR)以鱼油组最好,猪油组最差,且2组间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。SGR、PER和FCR在豆油组、菜籽油组、亚麻籽油组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同脂肪源对全鱼粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P<0.05),但对全鱼干物质和粗灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。鱼油组全鱼粗蛋白质含量最高,而粗脂肪含量最低。肝胰脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性以鱼油组最高,其次是豆油组、菜籽油组、亚麻籽油组,以猪油组最低。肝胰脏苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性表现为:亚麻籽油组>豆油组>鱼油组>菜籽油组>猪油组。猪油组肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),而其他各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同脂肪源对肝胰脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)有显著影响(P<0.05),以鱼油组最高,猪油组最低。由此可见,鱼油是鲤鱼较适宜的脂肪源,而猪油不适宜作为鲤鱼的单一脂肪源,会损害肝胰脏健康,进而影响鱼体生长。
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different lipid sources in diets on growth performance, body composition, and activities of lipid metabolism related enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in hepatopancreas of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). On the basis of a practical diet, 5 experimental diets were formulated to contain 1.5% lipid originated from fish oil (FO group), soybean oil (SO group), rapeseed oil (RO group), linseed oil (LO group) and lard (L group), respectively. Seven hundred and fifty common carp with an average initial body weight of (5.83?0.01) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 50 fish in each replicate, and each group was fed one of the five experimental diets. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: the best and the lowest specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found in FO group and L group, respectively, and there was significant difference in those indices between FO group and L group (P<0.05), while no significant difference among SO group, RO group and LO group (P>0.05). Different lipid sources significantly affected the contents of crude protein and crude lipid of whole fish (P<0.05), but did not affect the contents of dry matter and crude ash of whole fish (P>0.05). Crude protein content of whole fish in the FO group was the highest (P<0.05), but its crude lipid content was the lowest. The hepatopancreas lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in FO group was the highest, next came SO group, RO group and LO group, and the lowest was in L group. The hepatopancreas malic dehydrogenase (MDH) activity showed that LO group>SO group>FO group>RO group>L group. The hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in L group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among LO group, SO group, FO group and RO group (P>0.05). Different lipid sources significantly affected the hepatopancreas total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P<0.05), the highest was in FO group and the lowest was in L group. These results suggest that fish oil is the suitable lipid source for common carp, while lard is unsuitable as a single lipid source for common carp, because it will damage the hepatopancreas health, hinder the growth of fish.
[1] 谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.鱼类对饲料脂肪源利用的研究进展[J].饲料广角,2007(5):38-41.
[2] STICKNEY R R.Lipid requirement of some warm water species[J].Aquaculture,1989,79:145-156.
[3] FRANCIS D S,TURCHINI G M,JONES P L,et al.Effects of dietary oil source on growth and fillet fatty acid composition of murray cod,Maccullochella peelii peelii[J].Aquaculture,2006,253:547-556.
[4] 陈家林,韩冬,朱晓鸣,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫的生长、体组成和肌肉脂肪酸的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):988-997.
[5] HUANG C H,HUANG M C,HOU P C.Effect of dietary lipids on fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in sarcoplasmic reticulum of hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1998,120:331-336.
[6] 周继术,吉红,王建华,等.鱼油对鲤生长及脂质代谢的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(2):275-280.
[7] 王煜恒,王爱民,刘文斌,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫体脂沉积、内源酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23:604-614.
[8] SCHWARZ F J,KIRCHGESSNER M,STEINHART H,et al.Influence of different fats with varying additions of α-tocopheryl acetate on growth and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquaculture,1988,69:57-67.
[9] STEFFENS W,WIRTH M,RENNERT B.Effect of adding various oils to the diet on growth, feed conversion and chemical composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,1994,47(4):381-389.
[10] 刘玮,徐萍,任本根,等.不同脂肪源饲料对草鱼稚鱼生长的影响[J].水产学报,1995,19(4):362-365.
[11] 王煜恒,王爱民,刘文斌,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫鱼种生长、消化率及体成分的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(9):1439-1446.
[12] SARGENT J,BELL G,MCEVOY L,et al.Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish [J].Aquaculture,1999,177:191-199.
[13] JI H,LI J,LIU P.Regulation of growth performance and lipid metabolism by dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,2011,159:49-56.
[14] HENDERSON R J.Fatty acid metabolism in freshwater fish with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,1996,49:5-22.
[15] TAKEUCHI T.Essential fatty acid requirements in carp[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,1996,49:23-32.
[16] 周秋白,朱长生,吴华东,等.饲料中不同脂肪源对黄鳝生长和组织中脂肪酸含量的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(2):246-255.
[17] GIOVANNI M T,VITTORIO M M,TIZIANA M,et al.Effects of dietary lipid source on fillet chemical composition,flavour volatile compounds and sensory characteristics in the freshwater fish tench(Tinca tinca L.)[J].Food Chemistry,2007,102:1144-1155.
[18] MENOYO D,LOPEZ-BOTE C J,BAUTISTA J M,et al.Growth,digestibility and fatty acid utilization in large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed varying levels of n-3 and saturated fatty acid[J].Aquaculture,2003,225:295-307.
[19] NG W K,SIGHOLT T,BELL J G.The influence of environmental temperature on the apparent nutrient and fatty acid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar L.) fed finishing diets containing different blends of fish oil,rapeseed oil and palm oil[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35:1228-1237.
[20] HANSEN A C,ROSENLUND G,KARLSENØ,et al.Total replacement of fish meal with plant proteins in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.).Ⅰ.Effects on growth and protein retention[J].Aquaculture,2007,272:599-611.
[21] RIBEIRO P A P,LOGATO P V R,PAULA D A D G,et al.Effect of different oils in the diet on lipogenesis and the lipid profile of Nile tilapias[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2008,37:1331-1337.
[22] BELL J G,MCEVOY J,TOCHER D R,et al.Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2001,131:1535-1543.
[23] SCOTT R A,COMNELIUS S G,MERSMANN H J.Effects of age on lipogenesis and lipolysis in lean and obese swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1981,52:505-511.
[24] LEE Y B,KAUFFMAN R G.Cellularity and lipogenic enzyme changes activities of procine intramuscular adipose tissue[J].Journal of Animal Science,1974,38:538-544.
[25] MERSMAN H J,POND W G,YEN J T.Use of carbohydrate and fat as energy source by obese and lean swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1984,58:894-902.
[26] SHIKATA T,SHIMENO S.Metabolic response to dietary stearic acid,linoleic acid,and highly unsaturated fatty acid in carp[J].Fisheries,1994,60(6):735-739.
[27] AUWERX J,LEROY P,SCHOONJANS K.Liporotein lipase:recent contributions from molecular biology[J].Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences,1992,29:243-268.
[28] ARANTZAMENDI L.Effect of dietary lipids on production,composition and lipolytic activity in commercial fish.Ph.D. Thesis.Gran Canaria:University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,2002.
[29] RICHARD N,MOURENTE G,KAUSHIK S,et al.Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis,lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261:1077-1087.
[30] 梁旭方,李月琴,李贵生,等.真鲷脂蛋白脂肪酶基因顺式元件PPRE及在肝脏活体调控作用[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(4):49-55.
[31] 吉红,曹艳姿,刘品,等.饲料中HUFA影响草鱼脂质代谢的研究[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(5):881-889.
[32] KANAZAWAK K.Hepatotoxicity caused by dietary secondary products originating from lipid peroxidation[M]//FRIEDMAN M.Nutritional and toxicology consequences of food processing.New York:Plenium Press,1991:237-253.
[33] PORTER N A,CALDWELL S E,MILLS K A.Mechanisms of free radical oxidation of unsaturated lipids[J].Lipids,1995,30:277-290.
[34] 吉红,周继术,曹福余,等.DHA对鲤鱼抗氧化能力影响的初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2009,18(2):142-149.
[35] PENG S M,CHEN L Q,QIN J G.et al. Effect of replacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemical composition in juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegeli[J].Aquaculture,2008,276:154-161.
京公网安备 11010802041926号