本试验旨在研究饲粮添加乳化剂与L-肉碱对肉鸡生长性能和血脂指标的影响。试验采用2×2因子完全随机设计,选用960只1日龄科宝白羽肉公鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只鸡。试验分为前期(1~21日龄)、后期(22~49日龄)和全期(1~49日龄)。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加乳化剂极显著或显著降低了1~21和1~49日龄料重比(P<0.01,P<0.05),提高了21、49日龄血清游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.01);添加L-肉碱或乳化剂与L-肉碱合用均极显著或显著降低了各期料重比(P<0.01,P<0.05),显著降低了21日龄血清甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白含量(P<0.05);添加L-肉碱极显著提高了49日龄血清游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.01)。2)主效应分析表明,添加乳化剂显著提高了21日龄血清总胆汁酸、游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05);添加L-肉碱极显著降低了各期料重比(P<0.01),提高了胸肌率(P<0.01),降低了21、49日龄血清甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),降低了21日龄血清总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05);乳化剂与L-肉碱的交互作用显著或极显著影响1~21和1~49日龄料重比、21和49日龄血清游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮单独添加乳化剂、L-肉碱或二者合用均可改善肉鸡的饲料利用率,提高胸肌率,降低血清甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白含量。单独添加乳化剂或L-肉碱均可提高血清游离脂肪酸含量,二者合用较单独添加降低了血清游离脂肪酸含量。高温(30~35 ℃)饲养环境下,建议在肉鸡饲粮中单独添加乳化剂或L-肉碱。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary emulsifier and L-carnitine on growth performance and serum lipid indices of broilers. A 2×2 factoral completely random design was adopted, and nine hundred and sixty one-day-old Cobb commercial broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 40 birds per replicate. This experiment included three periods: starter (1 to 21 days of age), grower (22 to 49 days of age) and the whole (1 to 49 days of age) periods. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary emulsifier significantly decreased feed to gain (F/G) during 1 to 21 and 1 to 49 days of age (P<0.01, P<0.05), and significantly increased serum free fatty acid (FFA) content at 21 and 49 days of age (P<0.01); dietary L-carnitine, or L-carnitine+emulsifier significantly decreased F/G in any period (P<0.01, P<0.05), and significantly decreased the contents of triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in serum at 21 days of age (P<0.05); dietary L-carnitine significantly increased serum FFA content at 49 days of age (P<0.05); 2) main effect analysis showed that dietary emulsifier significantly increased the contents of total bile acid (TBA) and FFA in serum (P<0.05); dietary L-carnitine significantly decreased F/G in any period (P<0.01), increased the rate of breast muscles (P<0.01), decreased the contents of TG and VLDL in serum at 21 and 49 days of age (P<0.05), and decreased the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and FFA in serum at 21 days of age (P<0.05). The interaction between emulsifier and L-carnitine significantly affected F/G during the starter and the whole periods and serum FFA content at 21 and 49 days of age (P<0.01, P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of emulsifier, L-carnitine and emulsifier+L-carnitine can improve feed utilization rate, increase the rate of breast muscle, and decrease the contents of TG and VLDL in serum. The addition of emulsifier or L-carnitine can both increase serum FFA content, and emulsifier+L-carnitine can decrease serum FFA content. Supplemental emulsifier or L-carnitine in the diet is better than emulsifier+L-carnitine under high temperature (30 to 35 ℃).
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