采用体外瘤胃发酵试验结合动态产气实时记录技术,分析了添加植酸酶对瘤胃微生物降解和利用糠麸饲料的功效。试验采集3头健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,以稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸为底物,测定对照组和加酶组(5 U/g植酸酶)发酵72 h的累积产气量、发酵动力学参数和和瘤胃发酵特性指标。结果表明,添加5 U/g植酸酶并不能显著影响稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸的体外干物质消化率、培养液中氨态氮浓度以及发酵的产气量(72 h累积产气量和理论最大产气量)(P>0.050 0),但却能显著降低发酵的产气速率及达到最大产气量1/2时的产气速率(P<0.050 0),显著提高培养液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P<0.050 0),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度增幅由高至低依次为麦麸(4.2%)、稻糠(3.3%)和玉米麸(1.7%),除可显著提高异丁酸含量(P<0.050 0)外,对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等主要挥发性脂肪酸的含量的影响不显著(P>0.050 0)。总之,稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸间体外瘤胃发酵特性存在差异,添加植酸酶可在一定程度上促进瘤胃微生物发酵释放出更多的挥发性脂肪酸,提高瘤胃微生物对饲料中能量物质的发酵利用效率。
This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on the degradation and utilization of bran feeds by combining the method of in vitro rumen fermentation and the technique of real-time recording of gas production. Rumen fluid was collected from 3 rumen-cannulated lactating Holstein cows. Rice, maize and wheat were used as the substrates and each bran feed contained a control group and a phytase group (5 U/g phytase). Accumulative gas production in 72 h (GP72 h), fermentation kinetic parameters and fermentation characteristic indexes were determined after the 72 h incubation. The results showed that no significant difference was found in dry matter disappearance in vitro, ammonia nitrogen concentration in the culture medium and gas production of fermentation (GP72 h and ideal maximum gas production) (P>0.050 0), but significantly decreased the gas production speed and the speed when gas production was 1/2 of the maximum (P<0.050 0), and significantly increased the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration (P<0.050 0), and the concentration of TVFA of rice, maize and wheat brans were increased by 4.2%, 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Phytase supplementation had no significant effects on volatile fatty acid contents (P>0.050 0) except that it significantly increased isobutyrate content (P<0.050 0). In general, the rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro differ among rice, maize and wheat brans, and phytase supplementation promotes rumen microorganisms to generate more volatile fatty acids, implicating that a high fermentable energy in the feeds would occur by phytase supplementation.
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