本试验旨在考察比较银耳孢子发酵物(TSF)、益生素对生长育肥猪不同阶段的促生长效果以及对猪肉品质的影响。采用单因素试验设计,将24头日龄相近,平均体重为(10.35±0.28)kg的"杜×太"杂交仔猪按照体重相近原则,随机分配到4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,4个组分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素组(在基础饲粮中添加0.15g/kg土霉素＋1.5g/kg硫酸抗敌素)、TSF组(在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg TSF)和益生素组(在基础饲粮中添加0.2g/kg益生素)。试猪从10kg饲喂到110kg。结果表明:在10~20 kg阶段,TSF组、益生素组和抗生素组的生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05),但平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);21~50 kg阶段,TSF作用效果开始逐渐增强,TSF组ADG和ADFI有高于益生素组和抗生素组的趋势(P>0.05);50kg以后,TSF组ADG则显著高于益生素组(P<0.05),而益生素组显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05)。TSF组与益生素组血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量在20 kg时差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.05);110 kg时,TSF组显著高于益生素组(P<0.05)。血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量的变化规侓类似IGF-Ⅰ。较之抗生素组,TSF组和益生素组均能显著提高双歧杆菌与乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。TSF组较益生素组有提高眼肌面积、肌内脂肪和降低剪切力及滴水损失的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,在20 kg前,TSF、益生素和抗生素促生长效果相当,而在20 kg以后,TSF的作用加强,50kg以后,则显著高于益生素;生长性能的改善与血清IGF-Ⅰ、IgG及IgM含量的提高以及肠道菌群的改善有关;TSF对肉品质的作用较之益生素和抗生素有更好的效果。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Tremella fuciformis Berk spore fermentation (TSF) and probiotic on growth performance and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs in different stages. Twenty-four castrated Duroc×Taihu pigs with an average body weight of (10.35±0.28) kg were randomly allocated into 4 groups according to body weights, namely control group (basal diet), antibiotic group(basal diet +0.15 g/kg oxytetracycline＋1.5 g/kg colistin sulphate), TSF group (basal diet+4 g/kg TSF) and probiotic group (basal diet+0.2 g/kg probiotic), and each group had 6 replicates with 1 pig per replicate. Results showed as follows:during 10 to 20 kg phase, there was no significant difference in growth performance among TSF, probiotic and antibiotic groups (P>0.05). But compared with the control group, TSF significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<0.05); during 21 to 50 kg phase, the effects of TSF were progressively enhanced, and the ADG and ADFI in TSF group had the trend to be above the probiotic and antibiotic groups (P>0.05); during the phase after 50 kg, the ADG in TSF group was significantly higher than that in probiotic group (P<0.05), whereas compared with antibiotics group, probiotic group had a significant improvement (P<0.05). Serum insulin-like growth factor -Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) content in TSF group had no significant difference compared with probiotic group at the weight of 20 kg (P>0.05), but compared with antibiotic group and control group, that had a significant improvement (P<0.05); at the weight of 110 kg, serum IGF-Ⅰ content in TSF group was higher than that in probiotic group (P<0.05). The variation of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) contents were similar to IGF-Ⅰ. Compared with antibiotic group, both TSF group and probiotic group could significantly increased the quantity of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli(P＜0.05). Compared with probiotic, TSF had the trend to increase the loin eye area and intramuscular fat content, and decrease the shear force as well as drip loss (P>0.05). In conclusion, during the phase before 20 kg, there is no significant difference in the effects of growth performance among the TSF, probiotic and antibiotic, however, the effects of TSF is enhanced when weight is above 20 kg, and that of TSF is significantly higher than that of probiotic after 50 kg;the improvement of growth performance is related with the increase of IGF-Ⅰ, IgG and IgM contents in serum, as well as the improvement of intestinal flora, what's more, TSF is more effective to improve the meat quality than probiotic and antibiotic.