为研究益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢率和肠黏膜形态的影响,试验选择5日龄体重相近的健康雌性黄羽肉鸡675羽,随机分成5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复27羽,空白Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加25 g/t益生菌制剂、150 g/t复合酶制剂、25 g/t益生菌制剂+150 g/t复合酶制剂、300 g/t抗敌素的试验饲粮。饲养试验至53日龄结束。结果表明:饲粮中组合添加益生菌与酶制剂获得了最高的全期平均日增重,且与空白Ⅰ组及抗生素Ⅴ组相比分别提高了4.22%(P<0.05)和2.12%(P>0.05);真代谢能以组合添加Ⅳ组最高,且与空白Ⅰ组及抗生素Ⅴ组相比分别提高了11.29%(P<0.01)和6.89%(P<0.05),酶制剂Ⅲ组粗纤维真代谢率极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ组(P<0.01),显著高于组合添加Ⅳ组(P<0.05);抗生素、益生菌与酶制剂及两者组合使用都不同程度地促进了十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛形态结构的发育。总体上说,益生菌与酶制剂联合使用表现出了一定优势,且具有替代某些抗生素饲料添加剂使用的潜能。
To evaluate the effects of probiotics and enzyme preparation on growth performance, nutrient metabolic rates and intestinal mucosal morphology of yellow-feathered broilers, a total of 675 five-day-old healthy female yellow-feathered broilers with the same body weight were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 27 broilers in each replicate. Control group (group Ⅰ) was provided with a basal diet, and the test groups (groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ) were fed the basal diet added 25 g/t probiotics, 150 g/t multi-enzyme preparation, 25 g/t probiotics+150 g/t multi-enzyme preparation and 300 g/t colistin sulphate, respectively. The diets were fed from 5 to 53 days of age. Results showed that group Ⅳ got the highest average daily gain (ADG) of all groups in the whole trial period, and compared with the control group Ⅰ and group Ⅴ, ADG was increased by 4.22% (P<0.05) and 2.12% (P>0.05), respectively. Group Ⅳ got the highest true metabolizable energy (TME) of all groups, and compared with the control group Ⅰ and group Ⅴ, TME was increased by 11.29% (P<0.01) and 6.89% (P<0.05), respectively. True crude fiber metabolic rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅴ (P<0.01) and group Ⅳ (P<0.05). Antibiotic, probiotics, enzyme preparation and the combination of probiotics and enzyme preparation all can improve the duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus morphology development in different degrees. The combination of probiotics and enzyme preparation demonstrates certain advantages, and it has the potentiality of replacing some antibiotic feed additives.
[1] 周克勇,刘长忠,黄健.微生态制剂与酶制剂结合使用对乌骨肉鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2001(15):13-14.
[2] MIDILLI M,TUNCER S D.The effect of enzyme and probiotic supplementation to diets on broiler performance[J].Türk Veterinerlik ve Hayvancilik Dergisi,2001,25(6):895-903.
[3] 万伶俐,于振斌,王晓阳,等.几种抗病促生长饲料添加剂在肉仔鸡生产中应用效果的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2004,29(3):43-46.
[4] 项延润.益生素、酶制剂替代抗生素饲喂肉鸡的效果试验[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2005(2):1-2.
[5] 李旭红.益生素、酶制剂替代抗生素饲喂肉鸡的效果试验[J].中国饲料添加剂,2009(4):23-24.
[6] National Research Council.Nutrient requirements of poultry[S].9th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1994.
[7] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 33—2004 鸡饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[8] 潘宝海,李德发,谯仕彦.益生菌在养鸡生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2000(16):9-11.
[9] YEO J,KIM K I.Effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic,a probiotic,or yucca extract on growth and intestinal urease activity in broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(2):381-385.
[10] JIN L Z,HO Y W,ABDULLAH N,et.al.Probiotics in poultry:mode of action[J].World’s Poultry Science,1997(53):351-368.
[11] 杨凤.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[12] 孙鸣,潘宝海,陈伟兴,等.益生菌、益生元及合生素的作用机制和相互关系[J].饲料研究,2008(4):62-64,66.
[13] 唐建中.芽孢杆菌抑菌耐药和耐热性能及其对黄羽肉鸡生产性能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
[14] 李成良,张海燕.非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡生产性能、养分利用率及盲肠微生物的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(6):11-14.
[15] 蒋桂韬,张石蕊,戴求仲,等.细菌性木聚糖酶对21~49日龄黄羽肉仔鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2009(8):19-21.
[16] 刘一尘,何明清,倪学勤.益生菌剂与益生协同剂的协同作用的研究及应用现状[J].中国微生态学杂志,2001,13(3):179-180.
[17] 黎春辉,陈铁桥,肖兵南,等.益生菌与益生协同剂联合应用的研究进展[J].中国饲料添加剂,2007(8):12-15.
[18] 贺永康,赵国先,贺发生,等.中草药对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响[J].饲料研究,2010(6):30-33.
[19] 计成,王晓霞,易中华,等.果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量、发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢散发量及营养素利用率的影响[C]//家禽营养与饲料科技进展:第二届全国家禽营养与饲料科技研讨会论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2007:237-242.
[20] 蒋桂韬,张石蕊,胡艳,等.不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和养分利用率的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2010,31(3):50-55.
[21] 李菊.肉仔鸡不同菌群状态对肠道化学成分及肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[22] 蒋桂韬.小麦型日粮添加细菌性木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响及作用机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[23] 韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:北京农业出版社,1991.
[24] 成令忠.组织学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994.
[25] 杨玉荣,佘锐萍,张日俊,等.大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(15):13-15.
[26] 徐子涵,许丽.不同剂型乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(10):1812-1818.
[27] EWTUSHIK A L,BERTOLO R F P,BALL R O.Intestinal development of early-weaned piglets receiving diets supplemented with selected amino acids or polyamines[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2000,80:653-667.
[28] 丁雪梅,张克英.小麦-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶对艾维茵肉鸡免疫指标、肠道形态和微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(6):931-937.
[29] 宋小珍,曾福海,杨秀江,等.饲粮中添加不同组合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对1~21日龄肉仔鸡小肠粘膜结构及其养分表观利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(6):1730-1737.
[30] SAMANYA M,YAMAUCHI K.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var.natto[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular and Integrative Physiology,2002,133:95-104.
[31] 谢为天,钟日聪,徐春厚.复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡血清生化指标和十二指肠组织形态的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(8):13-17.
[32] [JP2]伍金娥,常超,王学东,等.益生菌对肉仔鸭肠道结构的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(22):4670-4673.
[33] LUPTON J R,JACOBS L R.Fiber supplementation resuits in expanded proliferative zones in rat gastric mucosa[J].Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1987,46(6):980-984.
[34] 黄俊文,林映才,冯定远,等.纳豆菌甘露寡糖对仔猪肠道pH微生物区系及肠黏膜形态的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(10):1021-1027.
[35] 姚军虎,袁玖,杨凤霞,等.饲粮中添加酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能及肠道发育的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会家畜生态学分会第七届全国代表大会暨学术研讨会论文集.杨凌:中国畜牧兽医学会家畜生态学分会,2008:101-109.
[36] 王继强,张波,刘福柱.小麦型日粮添加酶制剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(1):41-43.
[37] 王佳丽,杨桂芹.小麦饲粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅小肠绒毛形态及食糜pH的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007(7):109-112.
京公网安备 11010802041926号