动物营养学报 >

2012 , Vol. 24 >Issue 12: 2384 - 2392

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.12.013

水产营养 Fish Nutrition

饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响

  • 杨弘 ,
  • 徐起群 ,
  • 乐贻荣 ,
  • 祝璟琳 ,
  • 肖炜 ,
  • 李大宇 ,
  • 邹芝英
展开
  • 1. 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,无锡 214081;
    2. 南京农业大学渔业学院,无锡 214081

收稿日期: 2012-06-15

  网络出版日期: 2012-12-03

基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-49);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金(BK2012092);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2012AO508);现代农业人才支撑计划经费;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(No.2011JBFA04)

收起

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Hematological Indexes and Hepatic Non-Specific Immune Indexes of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

  • YANG Hong ,
  • XU Qiqun ,
  • YUE Yirong ,
  • ZHU Jinglin ,
  • XIAO Wei ,
  • LI Dayu ,
  • ZOU Zhiying
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
    2. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China

Received date: 2012-06-15

  Online published: 2012-12-03

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在探讨饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响。以鱼粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白质源配制成蛋白质水平分别为25％、30％、35％、40％和45％的5种等能饲料(脂肪水平均为9%)。选取初始平均体质量为(4.70±0.01) g的尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼300尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。试验期为10周。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、成活率、肥满度、肝体比和内脏比均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。随饲料蛋白质水平的增加,蛋白质效率显著降低(P<0.05),蛋白质沉积率呈现先升高后下降的趋势。饲料蛋白质水平对全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05),而对全鱼粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为25%的组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对全血中白细胞计数、红细胞计数和红细胞压积无显著影响(P＞0.05),而对全血中血红蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为40%的组全血中血红蛋白含量显著高于蛋白质水平为25%的组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对血清中肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量以及碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。蛋白质水平为25%的组肝脏中溶菌酶活性最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶活性各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肝脏中过氧化氢酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以蛋白质水平为25%的组最低,显著低于蛋白质水平为35%和45%的组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为45%的组肝脏中丙二醛含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。由此可知,在饲料脂肪水平为9%条件下,饲料蛋白质水平为25%时即可满足尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长需求,但适当提高饲料蛋白质水平可在一定程度上提高尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的非特异性免疫功能。

关键词： 尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼; 蛋白质水平; 生长性能; 体组成; 血液学指标; 非特异性免疫指标

本文引用格式

杨弘 , 徐起群 , 乐贻荣 , 祝璟琳 , 肖炜 , 李大宇 , 邹芝英 . 饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012 , 24(12) : 2384 -2392 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.12.013

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, body composition, hematological indexes and hepatic non-specific immune indexes of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, casein and gelatin were used as protein sources to formulate five isoenergetic experimental diets (9% of fat level) at various protein levels (25％, 30％, 35％, 40％ and 45％). A total of 300 juvenile Nile tilapia with an average body weight of (4.70±0.01) g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ration (FCR), survival rate (SR), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) were not significantly affected by dietary protein level (P>0.05). With the increase of dietary protein level, protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and protein deposition rate was firstly increased and then decreased. Moisture, crude protein and ash contents in whole body were not significantly affected by dietary protein level (P>0.05), but ether extract content in whole body was significantly affected by dietary protein level (P<0.05). The ether extract content in whole body of fish fed the 25% protein diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed other diets (P<0.05). White blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count and haematocrit (HCT) in whole blood were not significantly affected by dietary protein level (P>0.05), but haemoglobin (Hb) in whole blood was significantly affected by dietary protein level (P<0.05). The haemoglobin in whole blood of fish fed the 40% protein diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 25% protein diet (P<0.05). Serum creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity were not significantly affected by dietary protein level (P>0.05). Hepatic lysozyme (LZM) activity of fish fed the 25% protein diet was the lowest, and significantly lower than that of fish fed other diets (P<0.05). Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of fish was not significantly affected by dietary protein level (P>0.05). With the increase of dietary protein level, hepatic catalase (CAT) activity was firstly increased and then decreased, and the lowest value was found in the group with the diet containing 25% protein, which was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content of fish fed the 45% protein diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed other diets (P<0.05). The results indicate that 25% dietary protein level can meet the requirement of growth for juvenile Nile tilapia in the condition of 9% dietary fat level, and properly increasing dietary protein level can improve the hepatic non-specific immune function to some extent.

Key words： juvenile Nile tilapia; protein level; growth performance; body composition; hematological indexes; non-specific immune indexes

参考文献

[1] 杨弘.我国罗非鱼产业现状及产业技术体系建设[J].中国水产,2010(9):6-10.
[2] 杨弘,祝璟琳,单航宇.我国罗非鱼产业发展和思考[J].海洋与渔业,2011(11):47-50.
[3] EL-SAYED A F M,GARLING D L,Jr.Carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios in diets for tilapia fingerlings[J].Aquaculture,1988,73:157-163.
[4] SIDDIQUI A Q,HOWLANDER M S,ADAM A A.Effects of dietary protein levels on growth,diet conversion and protein utilization in fry and young Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus[J].Aquaculture,1988,70:63-73.
[5] ABDEL-TAWWAB M,AHMAD M H,KHATTAB Y A E,et al.Effect of dietary protein level,initial body weight,and their interaction on the growth,feed utilization,and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.)[J].Aquaculture, 2010,298:267-274.
[6] HANLEY F.Effects of feeding supplementary diets containing varying levels of lipid on growth,food conversion,and body composition of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.)[J].Aquaculture,1991,93:323-334.
[7] NRC.Nutrient requirements of poultry[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1993.
[8] BRECKA B J,KOHLER C C,WAHL D H.Effects of dietary protein concentration on growth,survival,and body composition of muskellunge Esox musquinongy and tiger muskellunge Esox masquinongy×E.luscius fingerlings[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1995,26:416-425.
[9] SHIAU S Y,LAN C W.Optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for growth of grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)[J].Aquaculture,1996,145:259-266.
[10] PRES A,ZAMBONINO INFANTE J L,CAHU C L.Dietary regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1998,19:145-152.
[11] EGUIA R V,KAMARUDIN M S,SANTIAGO C B.Growth and survival of river catfish Mystus nemurus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) larvae fed isocaloric diets with different protein levels during weaning[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2000,16:104-109.
[12] CHAKRABORTY S C,ROSS L G,ROSS B.The effect of dietary protein level and ration level on excretion of ammonia in common carp,Cyprinus carpio[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1992,103:801-808.
[13] ENGIN K,CARTER C G.Ammonia and urea excretion rates of juvenile Australian short-finned eel (Anguilla australis australis) as influenced by dietary protein level[J].Aquaculture,2001,194:123-136.
[14] SUN L,CHEN H,HUANG L.Growth,faecal production,nitrogenous excretion and energy budget of juvenile yellow grouper (Epinephelus awoara) relative to ration level[J].Aquaculture,2007,264:228-235.
[15] YANG S D,LIOU C H,LIU F G.Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance,carcass composition and ammonia excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)[J].Aquaculture,2002,213:363-372.
[16] TIBBETTS S,LALL S P,ANDERSON D M.Dietary protein requirement of juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata) fed practical diets[J].Aquaculture,2000,186:145-155.
[17] JAUNCEY K.Nutritional requirement[M]//BEVERIDGE M C M,MCANDREW B J.Tilapias:biology and exploitation.London:Kluwer Academic Press,2000:327-375.
[18] 董晓慧,耿旭,郭云学,等.奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼饲料中适宜蛋白质水平的研究[J].中国饲料,2009(7):29-35.
[19] HAFEDH Y S A.Effects of dietary protein on growth and body composition of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus L.[J].Aquaculture Research,1999,30(5):385-393.  
[20] CHOU R L,SU M S,CHEN H Y.Optimal dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)[J].Aquaculture,2001,193:81-89.
[21] EINEN O,ROEM A J.Dietary protein/energy ratios for Atlantic salmon in relation to fish size:growth,feed utilization and slaughter quality[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,1997,3:115-126.
[22] REFSTIE S,STOREBAKKEN T,BAEVERFJORD G,et al.Long-term protein and lipid growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal by soy proteins products at medium or high lipid level[J].Aquaculture,2001,193:91-106.
[23] GRISDALE-HELLAND B,SHEARER K D,GATLIN D M,et al.Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,protein digestibility,feed utilization and body composition of Atlantic cod (Cadus morhua) [J].Aquaculture,2008,283:156-162.
[24] KIM L O,LEE S M.Effects of the dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish,Pseudobagrus fulvidraco[J].Aquaculture,2005,243:323-329.
[25] DANIELS W H,ROBINSON E H.Protein and energy requirements of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)[J].Aquaculture,1986,53:243-252.
[26] HIDALGO F,ALLIOT E.Influence of water temperature on protein requirement and protein utilization in juvenile sea bass,Dicentrachus labrax[J].Aquaculture,1988,72:115-129.
[27] BROWN M L,NEMATIPOUR G R,GATLIN D M.Dietary protein requirement of juvenile sunshine bass at different salinities[J].The Progressive Fish-Culturist,1992,54:148-156.
[28] YANG S D,LIOU C H,LIU F G.Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance,carcass composition and ammonia excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)[J].Aquaculture,2002,213:363-372.
[29] KIM K W,WANG X J,CHOI S M,et al.Evaluation of optimum dietary protein-to-energy ratio in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel)[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35(3):250-255.  
[30] WELKER T L,LIM C,YILDIRIM-AKSOY M,et al.Growth,immune function,and disease and stress resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed graded levels of bovine lactoferrin[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(1):156-162.  
[31] BALDI A,BONTEMPO V,DELL’ORTO V,et al.Effects of dietary chromium-yeast in weaning-stressed piglets[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1999,79(3):369-374.  
[32] 聂国兴,明红,郑俊林,等.木聚糖酶对尼罗罗非鱼血液生理生化指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,22(5):361-365.
[33] HIKIMA S,HIKIMA J,ROJTINNAKORN J,et al.Characterization and function of kuruma shrimp lysozyme possessing lytic activity against Vibrio species[J].Gene,2003,316:187-195.
[34] HOFFMANN J A,KAFATOS F C,JANEWAY C A,et al.Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity[J].Science,1999,284:1313-1318.
[35] REYES-BECERRIL M,TOVAR-RAMREZ D,ASCENCIO-VALLE F,et al.Effects of dietary live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii on the immune and antioxidant system in juvenile leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea exposed to stress[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1/2/3/4):39-44.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2