本试验旨在探讨脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)污染饲粮中添加竹炭和竹醋液对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液常规指标、血清生化指标及脏器指数的影响。试验选用28头35日龄、平均体重为(12.10±1.12) kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个组,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、DON组(基础饲粮+DON)、竹炭组(基础饲粮+DON+2%竹炭)、竹醋液组(基础饲粮+DON+1%竹醋液),每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期为37 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,DON组断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著降低(P<0.05),料重比显著升高(P<0.05);与DON组相比,竹醋液组断奶仔猪ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)有提高趋势(P>0.05),料重比有降低趋势(P>0.05)。2)在试验第15天,血液红细胞数量,DON组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),竹炭组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),竹醋液组显著高于对照组和竹炭组(P<0.05);红细胞比积,DON组和竹炭组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),竹醋液组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);在试验第30天,血液常规指标4组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)血清免疫球蛋白M、葡萄糖含量及乳酸脱氢酶和谷草转氨酶活性,不论是在第15天、第30天还是在第37天,4组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验第15天,血清谷丙转氨酶活性,DON组和竹醋液组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),竹炭组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);试验第30天,血清总蛋白含量,DON组显著低于对照组和竹醋液组(P<0.05),竹炭组、竹醋液组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);试验第37天,血清尿素氮含量,DON组显著高于对照组和竹醋液组(P<0.05),但竹炭组、竹醋液组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)DON组、竹炭组和竹醋液组肝脏、肾脏、胰脏、脾脏、心脏、胆囊、胸腺指数与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);DON组肝脏指数有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示:1)DON降低仔猪生长性能,而添加1%竹醋液有改善的作用。2)DON对断奶仔猪前期影响较大,后期断奶仔猪适应程度相对提高,有一定的耐受能力。3)DON可导致血细胞数量减少,血清谷丙转氨酶活性和尿素氮含量升高,总蛋白含量降低,添加2%竹炭和1%竹醋液,血细胞数量及血清谷丙转氨酶活性、尿素氮和总蛋白含量等指标可恢复到正常水平,表明竹炭和竹醋液对DON导致的负面影响具有一定的缓解作用。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar to the diets contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON) on growing performance, hematologic indexes, serum biochemical indexes and viscera indexes of weaner piglets. A total of 28 crossbred (Duroc譒andrace譒arge White) weaner piglets with an average body weight of (12.19?0.18) kg were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 7 replicates per group and 1 piglet in each replicate. The 4 groups were as follows: control group (a basal diet), DON group (the basal diet+DON), bamboo-carbon group (the basal diet+DON+2% bamboo-carbon) and bamboo vinegar group (the basal diet+DON+1% bamboo vinegar). The experimental period lasted for 37 d. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, average daily gain (ADG) in DON group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain was increased significantly (P<0.05); compared with the DON group, ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) had a increasing trend (P>0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain in bamboo vinegar group had a decreasing trend (P>0.05). 2) On d 15 of the experiment, the red blood cell (RBC) count in DON group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in RBC count between bamboo-carbon group and control group (P>0.05), but that in bamboo vinegar group was significantly higher than that in control group and bamboo-carbon group (P<0.05); the hematocrit (HCT) in DON group and bamboo-carbon group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between bamboo vinegar group and control group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in hematologic indexes among DON group, bamboo-carbon group, bamboo vinegar group and control group on d 30 of the experiment (P>0.05). 3) There were no effects on serum contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and glucose (GLU) and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase (GOT) in the whole experimental period. On d 15 of the experiment, the activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum in DON group and bamboo vinegar group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between bamboo-carbon group and control group (P>0.05). On d 30 of the experiment, the serum content of total protein (TP) in DON group was significantly decreased compared with control group and bamboo vinegar group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among bamboo-carbon group, bamboo vinegar group and control group (P>0.05). On d 37 of the experiment, the serum content of urea nitrogen (UN) in DON group was significantly higher than that in control group and bamboo vinegar group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among bamboo-carbon group, bamboo vinegar group and control group (P>0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in the liver, pancreas, spleen, heart, gall bladder, thymus indexes between experiment group and control group (P>0.05), but the liver index in DON group had a increasing trend, but no significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion,1)DON can reduce growth performance of weaner piglets, and the 1% bamboo vinegar added in the diets can reverse the weaner piglets from the injury of DON toxin. 2)The effects of diets contaminated by DON are more obvious in the early growing period than those in the later growing period, and the possible reason may be that the weaner piglets have certain tolerant ability to DON with the time increasing. 3)DON can result in the toxicity such as the decrease of blood cell count, the increase of GPT activity and UN content, and the decrease of TP content in serum. The 2% bamboo-carbon and 1% bamboo vinegar added in the diets can reverse the activity of GPT, the contents of UN and TP in serum to normal. It is concluded that the 2% bamboo-carbon and 1% bamboo vinegar can effectively adsorb DON toxin.