本试验旨在研究饲粮消化能水平和可消化赖氨酸与消化能比值对长白×荣昌(长荣)杂交生长猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响。试验选用144头初始体重约为27.05 kg的健康长荣杂交猪,按体重相近、公母各占1/2的原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪。采用2×3因子设计,即饲粮消化能水平分别为13.00和14.50 MJ/kg,饲粮可消化赖氨酸与消化能比值分别为0.50、0.60和0.70 g/MJ。分别测定生长猪的生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质和血清生化指标。结果表明:饲粮消化能水平升高,显著提高生长猪平均日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05),显著降低平均日采食量、料重比和滴水损失(P<0.05),且有提高血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P=0.07)及降低血清甘油三酯含量(P=0.06)的趋势。随着饲粮可消化赖氨酸与消化能比值的增加,生长猪眼肌面积、血清尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著增加(P<0.05),肌内脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),且料重比有提高的趋势(P=0.05),平均背膘厚呈降低的趋势(P=0.09)。饲粮消化能水平和可消化赖氨酸与消化能比值对生长猪胴体瘦肉率、血清尿素氮、肌肉pH45 min和pH24 h的影响存在显著交互效应(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在保持氨基酸模式一致条件下,饲粮消化能和可消化赖氨酸水平对长荣生长猪的生长性能和胴体品质影响显著,综合评定可知,生长阶段的长荣猪最佳生长潜能和最优胴体品质所需的饲粮消化能和可消化赖氨酸水平分别为14.50 MJ/kg和0.73%。
邹田德
,
毛湘冰
,
余冰
,
何军
,
郑萍
,
虞洁
,
韩国全
,
黄志清
,
陈代文
. 饲粮消化能和可消化赖氨酸水平对长荣杂交生长猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012
, 24(12)
: 2498
-2506
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.12.026
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary digestible energy (DE) and digestible lysine/DE ratio (DLys/DE) on growth performance and carcass quality of Landrace ? Rongchang crossbred growing pigs. A total of 144 healthy crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 27.05 kg were blocked by body weight and gender, and were allotted to 36 pens (4 pigs per pen), and pens were assigned randomly within blocks to dietary treatments arranged in a 2 ? 3 factorial design, with two levels of DE (13.00 or 14.50 MJ/kg) and three DLys/DE (0.50, 0.60, or 0.70 g/MJ). For this experiment, these indices were determined such as growth performance, carcass trait, meat quality and serum biochemical indices. The results showed as follows: increasing DE level increased average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.05), carcass weight (P<0.05), dressing percentage (P<0.05), the contents of urea nitrogen (UN) (P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P=0.07) in serum, and decreased feed to gain ratio (F/G) (P<0.05), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<0.05), drip loss (P<0.05) and triglyceride (TG) content in serum (P=0.06). With DLys/DE increasing, loin muscle area (P<0.05), the contents of UN and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum (P<0.05) and F/G (P=0.05) were increased, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content (P<0.05) and average backfat thickness (P=0.09) were decreased. DE譊Lys/DE interactions were observed in lean meat percentage, UN content and muscle pH45 min and pH24 h (P<0.05). Under the same amino acid pattern condition, the results suggest that dietary DE and DLys levels affect growth performance and carcass quality of growing pigs, and those for optimal performance and carcass quality are 14.50 MJ/kg and 0.73%, respectively.
[1] 李凤娜.赖氨酸和消化能水平对荣昌猪生产性能和肉品质的影响 .硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[2] 岳涛,尹靖东,李凤娜,等.日粮赖氨酸和消化能水平对荣昌猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(9):18-21.
[3] 张曦,赵素梅,葛长荣,等.乌金猪日粮能量水平对生长性能和胴体品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(5):489-500.
[4] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 825—2004瘦肉型猪胴体性状测定技术规范[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[5] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 821—2004猪肌肉品质测定技术规范[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[6] 蔡传江,王立贤,赵克斌,等.降低日粮赖氨酸净能比对育肥猪生产性能及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(4):856-862.
[7] SMITH J W,TOKACH M D,O’QUINN P R,et al.Effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,77:3007-3015.
[8] BEAULIEU A D,WILLIAMS N H,PATIENCE J F.Response to dietary digestible energy concentration in growing pigs fed cereal grain-based diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87:965-976.
[9] ZENG Z,YU B,MAO X B,et al.Effects of dietary digestible energy concentration on growth,meat quality,and PPARγ gene expression in muscle and adipose tissues of Rongchang piglets[J].Meat Science,2012,90:66-70.
[10] CASTELL A G,CLIPLEF R L,POSTE-FLYNN L M,et al.Performance,carcass and pork characteristics of castrates and gilts self-fed diets differing in protein content and lysine:energy ratio[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1994,74:519-528.
[11] MAIN R G,DRITZ S S,TOKACH M D,et al.Determining an optimum lysine:calorie ratio for barrows and gilts in a commercial finishing facility[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86:2190-2207.
[12] SZAB C,JANSMAN A J M,BABINSZKY L,et al.Effect of dietary protein source and lysine:DE ratio on growth performance,meat quality,and body composition of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79:2857-2865.
[13] NAM D S,AHERNE F X.The Effects of lysine:energy ratio on the performance of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72:1247-1256.
[14] COMA J,ZIMMERMAN D R,CARRION D.Relationship of rate of lean tissue growth and other factors to concentration of urea in plasma of pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(12):3694-3656.
[15] KERR B J,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D,et al.Influence of dietary protein level,amino acid supplementation,and dietary energy levels on growing-finishing pig performance and carcass composition[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81:3075-3087.
[16] APPLE J K,MAXWELL C V,BROWN D C,et al.Effect of dietary lysine and energy density on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed ractopamine[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82:3277-3287.
[17] FRIESEN K G,NELSSEN J L,GOODBAND R D,et al.Influence of dietary lysine on growth and carcass composition of high-lean-growth gilt fed from 34 to 72 kilograms[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72:1761-1770.
[18] MOHN S,GILLIS A M,MOUGHAN P J,et al.Influence of dietary lysine and energy intakes on body protein deposition and lysine utilization in the growing pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78:1510-1519.
[19] BLANCHARD P J,ELLIS M,WARKUP C C,et al.The influence of rate of lean and fat tissue development on pork eating quality[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,68:477-485.
[20] GONDRET F,LEBRET B.Feeding intensity and dietary protein level affect adipocyte cellularity and lipogenic capacity of muscle homogenates in growing pigs,without modification of the expression of sterol regulatory element blinding protein[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80:3184-3193.
[21] 曾真,陈代文,毛湘冰,等.饲粮消化能水平对荣昌烤乳猪品系生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1490-1498.
[22] 晁金.日粮能量浓度对肥育猪脂肪组织中脂肪沉积相关指标的影响 .硕士学位论文.武汉:武汉工业学院,2009.
京公网安备 11010802041926号