本试验旨在研究不同饲粮钙水平对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胫骨性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响,探讨43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡的钙需要量。试验选用43日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 200只,按体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复40只鸡。处理1(对照组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,钙水平为0.40%。处理2～6(试验组)饲喂在基础饲粮中添加不同水平的石粉,使钙水平分别为0.55%、0.70%、0.85%、1.00%和1.15%的试验饲粮。其他营养水平各处理基本一致。试鸡自由采食与饮水。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)不同饲粮钙水平显著影响试鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),1.00%钙水平组平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于对照组和0.55%、1.15%钙水平组(P<0.05),而与0.85%钙水平组差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率无显著影响(P>0.05);0.55%钙水平组屠宰率显著高于对照组和其他试验组(P<0.05);0.55%组腹脂率显著低于0.85%和1.00%钙水平组(P<0.05)。3)不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡胫骨鲜重和脱脂胫骨磷含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。0.85%钙水平组试鸡胫骨折断力和胫骨灰分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡血清钙、磷含量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。5)不同饲粮钙水平对试鸡宰后胸肌肉色和pH无显著影响(P>0.05)。0.85%钙水平组剪切力值显著低于对照组、0.55%钙水平组(P<0.05),0.70%、1.00%和1.15%钙水平组也显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。1.15%钙水平组试鸡滴水损失率最高,显著高于对照组和0.55%钙水平组(P<0.05)。以作为评价钙需要量敏感指标的生长性能和胫骨性能为依据,通过回归分析估测得到43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡获得最大平均日采食量和最大胫骨折断力所对应的饲粮钙需要量分别为0.77%和0.85%。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary calcium level on growth performance, tibia quality, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in yellow-feathered broilers aged from 43 to 63 days, and then to estimate the calcium requirement for diets of yellow-feathered broilers. One thousand and two hundred forty-three-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to six treatments with five replicates per treatment and forty broilers per replicate according to the principle of body weight balance. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal based diet (control, calcium content was 0.40%) and the basal diet supplemented with different levels of limestone to ensure dietary calcium level up to 0.55%, 0.70%, 0.85%, 1.00% and 1.15%, respectively. Contents of other nutrients in diets were consistent. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for a 21-day period. Results showed as follows: 1) increasing dietary calcium level improved the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers (P<0.05), and did not affect the ratio of feed to gain (P>0.05). The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers in 1.00% calcium group were significantly higher than those in the control group, 0.55% and 1.15% calcium groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 1.00% calcium group and 0.85% calcium group (P>0.05). 2) There were no differences in ratios of semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, breast muscle and thigh muscle of broilers (P>0.05). Carcass ratio of broilers in 0.55% calcium group was significantly higher than that in the control group and other groups (P<0.05). Abdominal fat ratio in 0.55% calcium group was significantly lower than that in 0.85% and 1.00% calcium groups (P<0.05). 3) Dietary calcium level had no effect on fresh weight of tibia and phosphorus content in defatted tibia of broilers (P>0.05). Broking strength and ash content of tibia in 0.85% calcium group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). 4) Dietary calcium level did not affect the contents of calcium and phosphorus in serum of broilers (P>0.05). 5) Dietary calcium level did not affect meat color and pH of breast muscle of broilers (P>0.05). Shear force of breast muscle of broilers in 0.85% calcium group was significantly lower than that in the control group and 0.55% calcium group (P<0.05), and about that, 0.70%, 1.00% and 1.15% calcium groups were significantly lower than the control group, too (P<0.05). Drip loss ratio in 1.15% calcium group was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the control group and 0.55% calcium group (P<0.05). According to the sensitive indices, growth performance and tibia quality, to estimate dietary calcium requirement, it is concluded that the calcium requirement of yellow-feathered broilers aged from 43 to 63 days estimated by regression analysis are 0.77% and 0.85% to get optimal average daily feed intake and broking strength of tibia, respectively.
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