本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加硒和维生素E对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响。选用4头5岁、平均体重为(500±20) kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛,采用4×4两因素随机试验设计,以玉米青贮和精料补充料为基础饲粮,在基础饲粮中分别添加0、0.1、0.2和0.3 mg/kg硒和0、30、60和90 IU/kg的维生素E,共形成16组饲粮,硒水平(mg/kg)/维生素E水平(IU/kg)分别为0/0(1组)、0.1/0(2组)、0.2/0(3组)、0.3/0(4组)、0/30(5组)、0.1/30(6组)、0.2/30(7组)、0.3/30(8组)、0/60(9组)、0.1/60(10组)、0.2/60(11组)、0.3/60(12组)、0/90(13组)、0.1/90(14组)、0.2/90(15组)、0.3/90(16组)。结果表明:1)瘤胃pH 4、8、12组显著低于1、5、9、13组(P<0.05);氨态氮含量1～4组与9～16组,5～8组与12～16组之间分别达到极显著水平(P<0.01),5～8组显著高于9～11组(P<0.05);乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量8、12组显著高于1组(P<0.05);总挥发性脂肪酸含量8、12、14组显著高于5、9、13组(P<0.05)。2)玉米秸秆有机物质的瘤胃降解率4、8、12、14组极显著高于1、2、3组(P<0.01),显著高于5、6、9、13组(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率4、8、12、16组极显著高于1、3、5、9、13组(P<0.01);酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率8和12组极显著高于1、3、5、9、11、13、14、15组(P<0.01)。3)精料补充料有机物质的瘤胃降解率14组显著高于1组(P<0.05);粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解率4组显著高于10组(P<0.05)。4)尿囊素和尿酸含量8、12、14组显著高于1组(P<0.05);尿嘌呤衍生物含量8组极显著高于1组(P<0.01),12和14组显著高于1组(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加硒和维生素E促进了瘤胃发酵,提高了尿嘌呤衍生物含量,适宜添加水平分别为0.3 mg/kg、30 IU/kg。
This study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of selenium and vitamin E on rumen fermentation and urinary purine derivative contents in Simmental steers. Four Simmental steers [average body weight of (500?20) kg, 5 years old] with permanent rumen fistulas were used in a 4?4 two-factor design. Those steers were fed a basal diet consisted of corn silage and concentrate supplement which was added with 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg selenium and 0, 30, 60 and 90 IU/kg vitamin E. Selenium (mg/kg) /vitamin E (IU/kg) levels in the sixteen groups were 0/0 (group 1), 0.1/0 (group 2), 0.2/0 (group 3), 0.3/0 (group 4), 0/30 (group 5), 0.1/30 (group 6), 0.2/30 (group 7), 0.3/30 (group 8), 0/60 (group 9), 0.1/60 (group 10), 0.2/60 (group 11), 0.3/60 (group 12), 0/90 (group 13), 0.1/90 (group 14), 0.2/90 (group 15) and 0.3/90 (group 16), respectively. The results showed as follows: 1) ruminal pH in groups 4, 8 and 12 was significantly lower than that in groups 1, 5, 9 and 13 (P<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen content was significantly different between groups 1 to 4 and groups 9 to 16, between groups 5 to 8 and groups 12 to 16 (P<0.01), respectively, and that in groups 5 to 8 was significantly higher than that in groups 9 to 11 (P<0.05). The contents of acetate, propionate and butyrate in groups 8 and 12 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05), and the total volatile fatty acid content in groups 8, 12 and 14 was significantly higher than that in groups 5, 9 and 13 (P<0.05). 2) Organic matter degradability of corn straw in groups 4, 8, 12 and 14 was significantly higher than that in groups 1, 2 and 3 (P<0.01), and significantly higher than that in groups 5, 6, 9 and 13 (P<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber degradability of corn straw in groups 4, 8, 12 and 16 was significantly higher than that in groups 1, 3, 5, 9 and 13 (P<0.01). Acid detergent fiber degradability of corn straw in groups 8 and 12 was significantly higher than that in groups 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 14 and 15 (P<0.01). 3) Organic matter degradability of concentrate supplement in group 14 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05); crude protein degradability in group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 10 (P<0.05). 4) The contents of allantoin and uric acid in groups 8, 12 and 14 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05); purine derivative content in group 8 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.01), and that in groups 12 and 14 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05). The results indicate that selenium and vitamin E has a positive influence on rumen fermentation and urinary purine derivative contents. The optimum selenium and vitamin E levels are 0.3 mg/kg and 30 IU/kg, respectively.
[1] 张婉如.动物微量元素营养研究[J].山西农业大学学报,1991,11(3):225-227.
[2] CEBALLOS-MANQUEZ A,BARKEMA H W,STRYHN H,et al.The effect of selenium supplementation before calving on early-lactation udder health in pastured dairy heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:4602-4612.
[3] CEBALLOS-MANQUEZ A,BARKEMA H W,STRYHN H,et al.Milk selenium concentration and its association with udder health in Atlantic Canadian dairy herds[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:4700-4709.
[4] DOBBELAAR P,BOUWSTRA R J,GOSELINK R M A,et al.Effects of vitamin E supplementation on and the association of body condition score with changes in peroxidative biomarkers and antioxidants around calving in dairy heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:3103-3113.
[5] BOUWSTRA R J,NIELEN M,NEWBOLD J R,et al.Vitamin E supplementation during the dry period in dairy cattle.PartⅡ:oxidative stress following vitamin E supplementation may increase clinical mastitis incidence postpartum[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:5696-5706.
[6] BOUWSTRA R J,NIELEN M,STEGEMAN J A,et al.Vitamin E supplementation during the dry period in dairy cattle.PartⅠ:adverse effect on incidence of mastitis postpartum in a double-blind randomized field trial[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:5684-5695.
[7] GUPTA S,HARENDRA K,SONI J.Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on concentrations of plasma cortisol and erythrocyte lipid peroxides and the incidence of retained fetal membranes in crossbred dairy cattle[J].Theriogenology,2005,64(6):1273-1286.
[8] 董卫星,王冬梅,李征.纳米硒和维生素E对热应激奶牛抗氧化性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2009,9:22-24.
[9] 王治华,杨志飞,王连仲.日粮中硒和维生素E对奶牛泌乳性能的影响[J].中国草食动物,2005,25(2):33-34.
[10] 王芳,董国忠,贾亚伟.日粮中添加硒和维生素E对奶牛产奶性能及牛乳和血浆中硒和维生素E含量的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(23):18-21.
[11] SHI L G,XUN W J,YUE W B.Effect of elemental nano-selenium on feed digestibility,rumen fermentation,and purine derivatives in sheep[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,163(11):136-142.
[12] WANG C,LIU Q,YANG W Z.Effects of selenium yeast on rumen fermentation,lactation performance and feed digestibilities in lactating dairy cows[J].Livestock Science,2009,126(12):239-244.
[13] 刘强,黄应祥,王聪,等.蛋氨酸硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(1):110-114.
[14] 刘强,黄应祥,苗朝华.日粮添加赛乐硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响[J].草业学报,2007,16(3):101-107.
[15] 刘强,王聪,董宽虎.包被硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(18):6-8.
[16] NRC.Nutrient requirements of beef cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1996.
[17] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2001.
[18] 孙明远.食品营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:356-358.
[19] 冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:466-467,575-576.
[20] 杨凤.动物营养学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:131.
[21] 冯仰廉.肉牛营养需要和饲养标准[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000:23.
[22] 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1996:171-172.
[23] RUSSELL J B.Strategies that ruminal bateria use to handle excess carbohydrates[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,76(7):1955-1963.
[24] 莫放.养牛生产学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010:198.
[25] 顾德兴.普通生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:247-248.
京公网安备 11010802041926号