本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和肉品质的影响。选用43日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 080只,根据体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。处理1为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,其维生素A含量为208 IU/kg,处理2、3、4、5、6为试验组,在基础饲粮中分别添加750、1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A,其他营养成分各处理基本一致。试鸡自由采食与饮水。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A均显著提高了试鸡63日龄体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),但对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)随着饲粮维生素A添加水平升高,试鸡血浆、肝脏维生素A含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A组血清维生素A含量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),添加6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而添加12 000 IU/kg维生素A组又显著高于添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加3 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了试鸡血清、肝脏和胸肌总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。4)饲粮添加750～6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡宰后45 min胸肌肉色亮度(L*)值(P<0.05),添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了试鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量及宰后45 min、24 h胸肌肉色红度(a*)值和pH(P<0.05),添加3 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡宰后45 min、24 h胸肌失水率(P<0.05),添加1 500～12 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡胸肌剪切力值(P<0.05),而对宰后24 h胸肌肉色L*值及宰后45 min、24 h胸肌肉色黄度(b*)值无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑可知,饲粮分别添加1 500、3 000 IU/kg和3 000～6 000 IU/kg维生素A,试鸡可获得较好的生长性能、抗氧化能力和肉品质,加上基础饲粮中的维生素A含量208 IU/kg,则相应的饲粮维生素A适宜水平分别为1 908、3 208 IU/kg和3 208～6 208 IU/kg。
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin A supplemental level on growth performance, antioxidant parameters and meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers aged from 43 to 63 days. One thousand and eighty male broilers aged forty-three days were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of five replicates with 30 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (control, containing 208 IU/kg vitamin A) supplemented with 0, 750, 1 500, 3 000, 6 000 and 12 000 IU/kg vitamin A from vitamin A acetate, respectively, and the other nutrient levels were the same. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for a 21-day period. Results showed as follows: 1) the supplementation of 1 500, 3 000, 6 000 and 12 000 IU/kg vitamin A significantly increased final body weight (at the age of 63 days), average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers aged from 43 to 63 days (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ratio of feed to gain among all groups (P>0.05). 2) The content of vitamin A both in serum and liver was significantly increased as dietary vitamin A supplemental level increased (P<0.05). Serum vitamin A content in 3 000, 6 000 and 12 000 IU/kg vitamin A groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). About hepatic vitamin A content, 6 000 and 12 000 IU/kg vitamin A groups were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05), and 12 000 IU/kg group was significantly higher than 6 000 IU/kg group (P<0.05). 3) The supplementation of 3 000 IU/kg vitamin A significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) (P<0.05), and significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum, liver and breast muscle (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, L* values of breast muscle at 45 min postmortem in 750 to 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The supplementation of 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A significantly increased intramuscular fat content, a* value and pH value of breast muscle at 45 min or 24 h postmortem (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the drip loss rate of breast muscle at 45 min or 24 h postmortem in 3 000 IU/kg vitamin A group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the shear force in 1 500, 3 000, 6 000 and 12 000 IU/kg vitamin A groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in L* value at 24 h postmortem and b* value at 45 min or 24 h postmortem among all groups (P>0.05). Taking the results into consideration, yellow-feathered broilers aged from 43 to 63 days can gain the optimal growth performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality with 1 500, 3 000, 3 000 to 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemented in the diet, respectively. Considering 208 IU/kg vitamin A in the basal diet, the optimal vitamin A level in the diet are 1 908, 3 028 and 3 028 to 6 208 IU/kg, respectively.
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