本试验旨在研究小檗碱对肉兔消化代谢的影响。采用单因子随机区组试验设计,选择128只50日龄、体重相近的健康新西兰兔,随机分为4组,1个对照组和3个试验组,每组32个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10、20及30 mg/kg盐酸小檗碱的试验饲粮。预试期为7 d,正试期为27 d。正试期第10～15天收集试验兔排出的全部粪便和尿液。结果表明:对照组试验兔干物质表观消化率显著或极显著低于其余3组(P<0.05或P<0.01),有机物和粗纤维表观消化率均显著或极显著低于10 mg/kg组和20 mg/kg组(P<0.05或P<0.01),粗脂肪表观消化率显著或极显著低于20 mg/kg组和30 mg/kg组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对照组试验兔总能表观消化率显著或极显著低于其余3组(P<0.05或P<0.01);20 mg/kg组试验兔消化能利用率显著高于对照组和30 mg/kg组(P<0.05),而总能利用率极显著高于其余3组(P<0.01);10 mg/kg组和20 mg/kg组试验兔氮表观消化率均显著或极显著高于对照组和30 mg/kg组(P<0.05或P<0.01);对照组试验兔氮利用率和消化氮利用率显著或极显著低于其余3组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对照组和30 mg/kg组试验兔盲肠内容物微生物总脱氢酶活性均极显著低于10 mg/kg组和20 mg/kg组(P<0.01),而氨氮浓度则均极显著高于10 mg/kg组和20 mg/kg组(P<0.01);对照组试验兔盲肠内容物微生物蛋白质浓度显著或极显著低于其余3组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果提示:饲粮中添加小檗碱可改善肉兔干物质、有机物、粗纤维、粗脂肪、总能和氮的利用效率,提高盲肠内容物微生物总脱氢酶活性和微生物蛋白质浓度,降低氨氮浓度。综合而言,肉兔饲粮中添加20 mg/kg盐酸小檗碱较为适宜。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of berberine on digestion and metabolism of meat rabbits. One hundred and twenty-eight fifty-day-old New Zealand rabbits with similar body weight were randomly allotted into four groups by a single-factor completely randomized block design. One group was control group and the rest were experimental groups. There were thirty-two replicates in each group and one rabbit in each replicate. The rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the rabbits in the three experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg berberine hydrochloride, respectively. The duration of the preliminary experiment was 7 d and the duration of the formal experiment was 27 d. All of the feces and urine that the experimental rabbits excreted were collected from the tenth day to the fifteenth day during the formal experiment. The results showed as follows: for the experimental rabbits from the control group, the apparent digestibility of dry matter was significantly lower than that of the experimental rabbits from the rest groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude fiber was significantly lower than that of the experimental rabbits from the 10 mg/kg group and the 20 mg/kg group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the apparent digestibility of ether extract was significantly lower than that of the experimental rabbits from the 20 mg/kg group and the 30 mg/kg group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The apparent digestibility of gross energy of the experimental rabbits from the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental rabbits from the rest groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). For the experimental rabbits from the 20 mg/kg group, the availability of digestible energy was significantly higher than that of the experimental rabbits from the control group and the 30 mg/kg group (P<0.05) and the availability of gross energy was significantly higher than that of the experimental rabbits from the rest groups (P<0.01). The apparent digestibility of nitrogen of the experimental rabbits from the 10 mg/kg group and the 20 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of the experimental rabbits from the control group and the 30 mg/kg group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the availability of nitrogen and the availability of digested nitrogen of the experimental rabbits from the control group were significantly higher than that of the experimental rabbits from the rest groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). For the experimental rabbits from the control group and the 30 mg/kg group, the activity of microbial total dehydrogenase in the digesta of cecum was significantly lower than that of the experimental rabbits from the 10 mg/kg group and the 20 mg/kg group (P<0.01), while the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the digesta of cecum was significantly higher than that of the experimental rabbits from the 10 mg/kg group and the 20 mg/kg group (P<0.01). The concentration of microbia crude protein in the digesta of cecum of the experimental rabbits from the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental rabbits from the rest groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results indicate that berberine supplementation to the diet of meat rabbits can improve the utilization efficiency of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, ether extract, gross energy and nitrogen, and increase the activity of microbial total dehydrogenase and the concentration of microbia crude protein in the digesta of cecum, while decrease the concentration of ammonia nitrogen; in conclusion, 20 mg/kg is the optimum dosage of berberine hydrochloride in the diet of meat rabbits.