本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道黏膜免疫功能及微生物菌群的影响。选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡250羽,随机分为5个组(每组设5个重复,每个重复10羽):Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组,在基础饲粮中添加15%杆菌肽锌200 mg/kg和10%硫酸粘杆菌素60 mg/kg;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,在基础饲粮中分别用3%、6%、9%的发酵豆粕替代部分普通豆粕,试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ、Ⅴ组体增重分别显著提高了3.87%、4.38%(P<0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组料重比分别降低了4.57%(P>0.05)、5.71%(P<0.05);Ⅴ组成活率极显著提高了6.38%(P<0.01)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅴ组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组血清尿酸含量最高,显著高于Ⅴ组(P<0.05),但与其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组十二指肠绒毛高度均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),其中Ⅴ组最高;Ⅴ组肥大细胞数量最低,极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)阳性细胞数量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),其中Ⅴ组最高。4)Ⅱ、Ⅴ组大肠杆菌数量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),Ⅴ组乳酸菌数量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。可见,在黄羽肉鸡生长前期用9%发酵豆粕替代部分普通豆粕能够提高体增重,改善料重比,提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性并降低尿酸含量,同时提高十二指肠绒毛高度,稳定肥大细胞和sIgA阳性细胞数量,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能,并降低盲肠大肠杆菌数量,增加乳酸菌数量,改善肠道微环境。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, mucosal immune function and microorganism in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 250 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into five groups, and each group included five replicates (10 broilers per replicate). Control group (group Ⅰ) was fed a basal diet.Group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with 15% zinc bacitracin 200 mg/kg and 10% colistin sulfate 60 mg/kg. The treatment groups (groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ) were fed the basal diet replaced some of common soybean meal with 3%, 6% and 9% fermented soybean meal,respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group Ⅰ, the body weight gain of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased by 3.87% and 4.38% (P<0.05), respectively; the feed/gain of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly reduced by 4.75% (P>0.05) and 5.71% (P<0.05), respectively; the rate of survival of group Ⅴ was significantly increased by 6.38% (P<0.01). 2) The activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05), uric acid content in serum of group Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05), and the other groups were no significant differences (P>0.05). 3) Compared with group Ⅰ, duodenum villus height of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01), and group Ⅴ was the highest. The number of mast cells of group Ⅴ was significantly decreased compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.01). The number of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) positive cells of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.01), and group Ⅴ was the highest in all. 4) The number of Escherichia coli of groups Ⅱ and Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05), and the number of Lactobacillus of group Ⅴ was significantly increased compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05). It is concluded that fermented soybean meal can improve the body weight gain and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum, decrease feed/gain and uric acid content in serum, increase duodenal villus height, make the number of mast cells and sIgA-positive cells stable and intestinal micro environment better, reduce the number of Escherichia coli in cecum, and increase the number of Lactobacillus in yellow-feathered broilers and the best replacement rate in prior period is 9%.
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